Archaisms of the Yakut language in the semantic structure of polysemous words
Abstract
The article deals with the archaisms in the semantic structure of polysemantic words. The aim of the article is to identify from the lexicographic sources of the Yakut language multivalued words, the semantic volume of which has changed over time, to classify multivalued words with archaisms in their composition, in the model by the number of acquired and obsolete meanings. In order to achieve the intended goal, the following tasks were set: to identify from the “Big explanatory dictionary of the Yakut language” edited by P.A. Sleptsov multivalued words, which contain archaisms, to compare them with the meanings of words recorded in the “Yakut language dictionary” edited by E.K. Pekarsky, in “Short explanatory dictionary of the Yakut language” edited by P.S. Afanasyev, to classify multivalued words in the model by the number of acquired and obsolete meanings. The following research methods were used: descriptive method, the method of continuous sampling, the method of component analysis, the method of analysis of dictionary definitions. The need for the study of archaisms is due to linguistic and extralinguistic factors. The vocabulary of any language is constantly changing, in the process of historical development there are semantic transformations of the word: old meanings are lost and new ones are acquired. The study of archaisms provides an opportunity to reconstruct fragments of material and spiritual culture of the people, their way of life. The analysis of polysemous words revealed the following models: 1. the polysemous word completely lost its meaning and acquired a new one: 2. the polysemous word acquired new meanings in addition to the existing meanings; 3. the polysemous word partially lost its meanings, preserved a number of meanings and acquired new meanings. It has been revealed that in most cases a polysemous word undergoes changes due to the appearance of figurative meaning, which occurred with the words kergen, aya, kylys, iregei, taҥalai, archylaa.
About the Author
A. A. Skryabina
Institute for Humanities Research and Indigenous Studies of the North, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Skryabina Alevtina Afanasievna - Candidate of Philological Sciences, junior researcher, Yakut language unit, Institute for Humanities Research and Indigenous Studies of the North, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Yakutsk.
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Review
For citations:
Skryabina A.A. Archaisms of the Yakut language in the semantic structure of polysemous words. Altaistics. 2022;(2):17-26. (In Russ.)
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