The present study is devoted to the analysis of the names of traditional dishware and utensils in the Yakut language made for museum labels.

   The relevance of the work is determined by the insufficient knowledge of the museum label as a linguistic source for semantic reconstruction.

   The purpose of the article is to determine the semantic features of the nominations of dishware and utensils recorded in labels at permanent exhibitions of local history museums.

   To achieve the goal, the following tasks were solved: 1) identification and systematization of dialect nominations based on museum label materials; 2) comparative semantic analysis of the identified nominations with data from reputable lexicographic sources; 3) assessment of the lexicographic potential of the museum label.

   The research material is a unique body of field data collected by the author during dialectological expeditions in 2022–2024 to Suntarsky, Vilyuysky, Namsky and Momsky districts of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). The methodological base includes a field method of collecting material, semantic analysis to identify ambiguity, and a comparative analysis to establish the relationship between museum nominations and dictionary definitions. As a result of the research, key linguistic phenomena characterizing the vocabulary of traditional dishware and utensils were identified and analyzed: 1) expansion of semantics (using the example of the word holtuon, which developed its meaning from ‘snuffbox’ to ‘birchbark vessel’); 2) dialectal semantic variants of common Yakut words (for example, ymyia, meaning a vessel like a choron cup in Suntar dialects); 3) synonymous rows reflecting functional and stylistic shades (uhaayakh / ujaa / bajaa for a large wooden ladle); 4) new nominations that were not previously recorded in dictionaries (for example, the compound term simii uhaat for a wooden tub for koumiss). Archaic and obsolete designations (achakh timir, kyl siide) are separately noted.

   The main conclusion of the article is to confirm the high value of museum labels as an important source for dialectal lexicography and ethnolinguistics.

   The practical significance of the work is related to the possibility of applying its results to clarify and standardize museum descriptions in the Yakut language, as well as to supplement and correct existing lexicographic publications, which contributes to the preservation and revitalization of the linguistic heritage.

   The article provides a comparative analysis of the phonetic and lexical features of the Yakut and Chinese languages in order to identify potential parallels and typological similarities. The study covers both the structural characteristics of the phonological systems and possible lexical overlaps, including potential borrowings, universal semantic models, and areal influences. The analysis of phonetics includes the following: syllable structure and phonotactics; vowel and consonant systems, including tonal (for Chinese) and length/musical accent (for Yakut) characteristics; patterns of assimilation, reduction, and other phonetic processes. The lexical block of the study includes the following elements: comparison of basic lexical units; search for potential etymological parallels based on data from comparative historical linguistics; assessment of the role of language contact and substrate influences. The research methodology is based on a comparative typological method; elements of areal linguistics; data from historical grammars and dictionaries; corpus materials from the Yakut language; and data from Chinese dialects. The study also explores the features of teaching Chinese using a communicative approach, particularly the teaching of Chinese phonetics and vocabulary as a fundamental stage in learning a foreign language. The development of phonetic and lexical skills is essential for understanding and interpreting speech messages and for the language to fulfill its communicative functions. The authors describe linguistic techniques for the comparative study of languages: Yakut and Chinese. The theoretical explanations are supplemented by methodological developments for teaching Chinese phonetics at a university, which clearly demonstrate the technologies for working on certain aspects and types of speech activity.

   The purpose of this article is to study the problems of comparative learning of the Yakut and Chinese languages.

   To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved: to provide comparative learning and creative practices through linguistic techniques; to train highly qualified specialists who are proficient in intercultural communication and foreign languages, particularly the Chinese language.

   In the course of the study, phonetic and lexical parallels between the Yakut and Chinese languages were identified, such as potential cognates in basic vocabulary, traces of borrowings – specifically, designations of natural objects – and structural similarities. The research findings have a number of practical applications, including: developing specialized teaching materials for Yakut speakers learning Chinese (and vice versa), leveraging phonetic similarities to facilitate pronunciation acquisition; creating comparative lexical lists to accelerate the memorization of basic vocabulary; strengthening mutual
understanding between the Yakut and Chinese communities by demonstrating their shared linguistic heritage. The present study opens up several avenues for further work: studying dialectal variants of the Yakut language to identify regional influences; conducting ethnolinguistic research to explore how linguistic parallels reflect shared cultural concepts and worldviews; launching pilot programs for teaching Chinese to Yakut schoolchildren using comparative phonetics.

   This article presents a linguacultural study of the toponymic environment using the Ryukyu Islands as an example.

   The relevance of this topic stems from the growing interest in the interaction of language and culture, particularly in the context of studying cultural aspects of vocabulary.

   As part of the onomastic system, toponymsare are important linguacultural artifacts reflecting the history, ethnic contacts, and worldview of the peoples who shaped these geographical names. Studying the toponyms of the Ryukyu Islands from a linguacultural perspective is a relevant area, as these regions possess unique historical and ethnocultural characteristics.

   The aim of this study was to identify the linguacultural characteristics of the Ryukyu Islands toponyms.

   The study was conducted using diachronic, historical-genetic, etymological, and continuous sampling methods. The results of the study contribute to a deeper understanding of the relationship between language, history, and culture in the toponymic systems of multilingual regions and have practical significance for courses in onomastics, ethnolinguistics, and regional studies. The results obtained can be also applied to research on language contacts in East Asia. A promising direction for further research is a comparative analysis of the toponymy of Japan’s Ryukyu Islands with the toponymic systems of other islands and their linguistic and cultural characteristics.

   At the current stage of development of Yakut linguistics, one of the most pressing tasks is the study of the language of Yakut oral folk-art genres, particularly chabyrgakh tonguetwisters. Chabyrgakh is one of the most witty and vivid types of oral folk art among the Yakuts, and it is a humorous and satirical genre. It is primarily aimed at finding and exposing the negative and humorous aspects of everyday life. The study of its lexical and morphological features determines the characteristics of expressive oral poetry, which reflects the culture of the Sakha people.

   The purpose of the study was to explore the features of the chabyrgakh language as a genre of Yakut oral folk art.

   To achieve this goal, the following objectives were addressed: to describe the history of the study of the chabyrgakh language; to examine its specific lexical and morphological features.

   The study employs descriptive and structural research methods. The material for this work is taken from the works “Essays on Yakut Folklore” by G. U. Ergis (1974) and “Chabyrgakh as a Genre of Yakut Folklore” by V. A. Nogovitsyn (2011). The following lexical and morphological features of the Yakut language were identified: paired words, synonyms and antonyms in rhythmic and syntactic parallelisms, archaic vocabulary, borrowed words, phraseologism, alliteration, and affixes.

   The scholarly novelty of this work lies in the fact that the study of the features of the chabyrgakh language has not previously been the subject of special research, and it has been analyzed for the first time in terms of its lexical and morphological aspects.

   The main provisions and results of the work can be used in the study of the language features of similar genres of folklore of Turkic-speaking peoples, as well as other genres of Yakut oral folk art. The practical part of the study can be applied in teaching the vocabulary and morphology of the Yakut language, as well as a special course on the language of folklore, in classes on philological analysis of literary texts.