Russian-Yakut translation of the names of institutions: levels of phonetics, lexis, grammar

Translation is designed to convey information in various spheres of public life, while it acts not only as the main component of intercultural communication, but also as a popularizer of the participating languages. One of the ways to preserve and popularize the national languages of Russia is to assign them a state status, which should ensure the functioning of the language in all spheres of public life. In the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), the Yakut language is the state language, which determines the relevance of research on the issues of private translation theory. Requirements are put forward for translators for an equivalent transfer of information, preservation of the usual norms of the Yakut language and the use of native Yakut combinations in order to avoid tracing the forms of the Russian language. In 2015, at a meeting of the Council for Language Policy of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), a decision was made on the mandatory use of signs with the names of state authorities, institutions and organizations in two state languages, Russian and Yakut. This was due to the non-systematic, chaotic and incorrect translation of ergonyms in the Yakut language. The article is devoted to the analysis of translation models for the names of institutions at the phonetic, lexical and grammatical levels. In the work, when collecting research material for the analysis and illustration of the proposed provisions, the method of continuous sampling is used; to highlight the used linguistic phenomena, typical features of linguistic forms – a descriptive method; to study the functioning of linguistic forms – a structural method; to identify translation correspondences, equivalents – comparative-comparative. When translating the names of institutions at the phonetic level, transliteration is used in the absence of equivalents in the Yakut language and translation, unsettled correspondences, proper names; a method of complete transcription of words recorded in the “Spelling Dictionary of the Yakut Language”. It should be noted that the words transcribed in the material are widely used in the modern Yakut language. At the lexical level, equivalent replacement is used when translating words and phrases that indicate the areas of activity of the institution; loan translation (calque) is the most common method, represented by half calques, precise and modified calques; concretization – in order to clarify information; the way of adding is due to the analytical way of transferring the meanings of words, established equivalent correspondences; amplification is used to demonstrate a variant of the full name in the Yakut language; explication is caused by the need to use an established terminological correspondence. In grammatical terms, when translating the names of institutions, permutations and replacements of grammatical forms are inevitable, caused by systemic differences between the Russian and Yakut languages. Translation in modern times should be considered not only as a link between different languages and peoples, but also as a factor in the preservation of the language in the conditions of natural bilingualism. In Yakutia, Russian and Yakut languages have a state status, but in relation to the Yakut language, it is implemented non-systematically, in this regard, we believe that the research of the proposed direction contributes to the systematization and expansion of the linguistic landscape in the Yakut language.

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