Based on figurative comparisons related to sound in the Khakass and Altai epics, the study reveals both common and unique features of these comparisons in the legends of the two peoples. The aim of the study was to determine the semantic organization of comparisons involving the “sound” parameter and to discover patterns of reinterpretation of the feature due to the component composition of the comparative construction. Based on this goal, the tasks related to the identification of stable comparisons with the “sound” parameter in the Khakass and Altai epics were solved in the work; with the establishment of the main methods and mechanisms for the development of semantic types of rethinking the parameter “sound”. The work used a set of basic techniques such as description, interpretation and classification of the material, as well as lexicographic, methods of component and contextual analysis. Examples with stable comparisons with the “sound” parameter were taken from the epic texts of the Khakass and Altaic languages. The relevance of this study is due to the insufficient and incomplete comparative analysis of figurative means in the Turkic languages. The scholarly novelty of the work is that it represents the first identification of stable comparisons with the “sound” parameter for Khakass and other Turkic languages of Siberia. For the first time, the “sound” parameter was identified, which demonstrates an additional parameter at the formal level, depending on the constituent components. This happens due to a rethinking of the original feature and its transfer from the physical sphere to the emotional one (roar like a bear → anger; scream like a cuckoo → crying; rumble like thunder, rush like a river → rapid running, etc.). The revealed material and the results of the study can be used in textbooks and textbooks on folklore studies of the Khakass and Altai languages, while further studying figurative comparisons with various parameters. The results showed that in the Khakass legends, comparisons with this parameter differ in a greater variety of subjects and standards of comparison, component composition and rethinking of semantics than in the Altai.

The article identifies and classifies the errors made by the GigaChat neural network model when translating legislative acts from Russian into the Sakha language. The experiment uses translations of the Sakha Republic Constitution and five bills introduced to the State Assembly (Il Tumen) of the Sakha Republic, with a total volume of more than 200,000 signs. The official translations of the Sakha Republic Constitution (1993) and the bills (2025-2026) were used as a reference for comparison with the experimental translation of the GigaChat neural network model. During the experiment, a classification of errors was developed: 1) lexical errors – incorrect choice of equivalent words (violations in standardization of terminology, using Russianisms instead of equivalent words of the Sakha language); using words that distort the content of the source text and violate the norms of the target language; using words that do not correspond to the official business style of the Sakha language; 2) grammatical errors – morphological (errors in the usage of case, possessive, number, and voice affixes) and syntax (violation of word order, incorrect sentence structure, omission of a copular verb); instances of not taking into account the particularities of morphology and syntax of the official business style; 3) spelling and punctuation errors – violation of the spelling and punctuation rules of the Sakha language; 4) errors in document formatting – violation of document formatting requirements. The most common errors are grammatical ones. Lexical errors are encountered much less frequently, but regularly. Then spelling and punctuation errors, as well as document formatting errors. The practical results of the research are methodological recommendations for preventing the identified errors, which can be used by linguists and programmers to improve the performance of the GigaChat neural network model in its next update. The recommendations are structured by language level. The basic requirements for translating official business texts into the Sakha language and a list of recommended materials for adding to the GigaChat database are also included.

The article is devoted to the study of the implementation of bilingualism in the visual space of Megino-Kangalassky District of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). The relevance of the work is due to the need for scientific understanding of the problems of translating official signs and toponyms into the Yakut language, despite the legislative consolidation of the state status of Russian and Yakut languages. The aim of the study was to analyze the translation of external signs and internal plaques of institutions, as well as toponyms of the district, and to develop recommendations for their translation into the Yakut language. The research material consists of 107 external signs and 269 internal plaques of institutions collected by continuous photo documentation in seven settlements of the district, as well as toponymic material (30 naslegs, 34 villages, 125 alas areas, 58 lakes, 15 rivers). The study employs comparative, statistical methods and the method of classification of translation errors. The results showed that 56% of external signs and 57% of internal plaques have no translation into the Yakut language, and the translated texts contain spelling, syntactic, morphological, graphic and lexical errors. The translation of toponyms is generally correct, but requires unification in the transmission of specific sounds of the Yakut language. Based on the analysis, methodological recommendations have been developed for compliance with literary norms of the Yakut language, syntactic order of translation (“from general to specific”), visual design of bilingual signs and transmission of specific sounds of the Yakut language in toponym translation. The research results can be used to create a unified municipal template for bilingual signs and in the practical work of translators. 

This article presents a linguistic analysis of the translation techniques used to translate a documentary film from Yakut into Russian, and classifies the stylistic errors made during the translation process. The documentary film “24 Snows” (2015, directed by M. B. Barynin) serves as the research material. The aim of the study was to identify, systematize, and analyze key translation strategies and typical stylistic errors that arise when translating the documentary from Yakut into Russian (using the film “24 Snows”). The theoretical basis of the study was formed by fundamental works on translation studies by N.K. Garbovsky, Y. I. Recker, V.S. Modestov, and other scholars, who laid the foundations for the classification of translation techniques and the analysis of translation errors. The primary method of analysis was comparative; empirical research methods such as comparison, classification, and generalization were used as auxiliary ones. The analysis utilized contextual analysis, descriptive-analytical methods, and semantic analysis techniques. A structured interview with the film’s director was used to reconstruct the context of the translation work. The study identified and systematized the following techniques for translating the original documentary text from Yakut into Russian: transcription, transliteration, adaptation, calque, and generalization. Furthermore, typical translator errors were discovered: omitted words, distorted meaning, as well as grammatical, syntactic, and logical errors.

The article examines morphological transformations that arise in the translation of court decisions from Russian into Yakut. The relevance of the study is determined by the need for a systematic description of translation correspondences in the sphere of judicial discourse, which remains insufficiently studied in the Russian-Yakut language pair. The aim of the work is to identify regular and contextual correspondences of morphological transformations based on authentic texts of court decisions. The research material comprises original court decisions in Russian and their translations into Yakut, which underwent a procedure of personal data anonymization. The research employed the comparative method, continuous sampling method, structural and descriptive methods. The analysis identified the main types of morphological transformations: substitution of a noun (by a possessive form, adverb, verb), transformation of a verbal noun into a participle (including with a postposition) and gerund, changes in case and grammatical number, substitution of an adjective by a noun. It was revealed that most transformations are obligatory in nature, due to typological differences between the analytical structure of the Russian language and the agglutinative structure of the Yakut language. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using the systematized description of transformations and the presented translation samples in the work of practicing translators, in the process of unifying legal terminology in the Yakut language, as well as in training courses on translation theory and practice.