The study of semantics of dependent polypredicative constructions formed by the predicative declension is relevant for the following reasons: first, the semantics of some predicative constructions does not always corresponds to the meaning of inflected predicative members; second, this produces synonymous constructions formed by participial forms that are opposite in meaning; and third, researches have not studied this issue sufficiently enough. The synonymy of dependent polypredicative constructions (DPC) formed by participles with -ыах, -тах and -быт in the ablative case and having the meaning of precedence were described by Professor E. I. Ubryatova. Then the researchers faced the question of not only the nature of their synonymy, but also about the origin of meanings of all participial polypredicative constructions (PPC) formed by government in the Yakut and Turkic languages. In the modern Yakut language, these participles have different temporal meanings with peculiar aspect-modal shades: for example, DPCs with -ыах expresse the future tense with the obligation modality; -byt – a long past time with the result aspect; -тах – the past tense with the presumptive modality. The ablative case is polysemous, but in this position, it has the meaning of the starting point, the beginning of the dependent action. Thus, the participles seem to be synonymous in these PPCs: кэлиэҕиттэн үлэлиир, кэллэҕиттэн үлэлиир, кэлбититтэн үлэлиир “works (from the day) from arrival”. We are more interested in the semantics of precedence in the construction кэлиэҕиттэн үлэлиир, where the participle with -ыах within the DPC has the meaning of the past tense. On the other hand, it serves a key for the analysis of DPCs, since it indicates another origin of semantics of the DPC besides its meaning and case. In fact, it is not the participles that are synonymous, but the dependent PPCs formed by them. And participles or their inflected forms express the past tense in relation to the present tense of the main predicate of PPCs. The meanings of precedence also form other constructions, but they are synonymous to varying degrees. The article aims to analyze the above-mentioned synonymous forms and to reveal the nature of the meaning formation of dependent PPCs in the Yakut language. To do this, the research uses the comparative method and the component analysis of the forms used in forming the mentioned synonymous dependent polypredicative constructions.

This article will focus on a rather well-known direction in the Russian linguistics as functionalsemantic grammar, which studies the “field”, consisting of different lexical and grammatical means of expression. Numerals, known as the main lexical means of expressing quantitativeness, will be considered. The purpose of the article is to reveal, on the basis of grammatical indicators, the morpho-syntactic features of the names of numerals serving as lexical means of expressing the functional-semantic category of quantitativeness in the Yakut language. A brief overview of the history of the study of the names of numerals in the Yakut language is given, where the object of study is the morphological features of this part of speech. Materials and research methods. In linguistics, the study of the grammatical features of a language is carried out on the material of the basic vocabulary, which is the only working material for studying grammar. In this regard, the article is based on the implementation of the lexical and grammatical features of quantitative-nominal combinations. Results and scientific novelty. A review of morpho-syntactic and lexical-phraseological features in the functional-semantic aspect showed that the numeral is used in a sentence in different hypostases: as an independent and at the same time a universal member, both in combination with nouns / mesuratives, numerals, and as part of stable expressions and phraseological turns. The features of morpho-syntactic combinations of a numeral with various parts of speech, which have not received proper coverage in the linguistic literature, are revealed. As a result, a picture of the functioning of the numeral name in a syntactic perspective is drawn. Particular attention is paid to the specifics and nature of the functional and semantic features of structures that include a numeral name.

The article considers and analyzes the names of geographical objects in the vicinity of the village of Chilany, Tashtypsky District, Republic of Khakassia. The purpose of our research is to compile a complete list of toponyms in the vicinity of the village, their description indicating the motive for the nomination. There were 26 names of geographical objects in this territory. Among them, we identified the names of villages, rivers, mountains, dens, towns, tributaries, and lakes. It was shown that the names of geographical objects of this area contain such components as: аал ‘village, village’, хол ‘log’, суғ ‘river’, тағ ‘mountain’, tas ‘stone’, сын ‘pass’, хус ‘mountain grove’, чал ‘mountain ridge’, чарна ‘washout’, покос ‘mowing’, одағ ‘hut, dwelling’, and пÿк ‘meadow’. We determined the ways of word formation of toponyms of this area. The following features of the nomination of these objects were identified: the presence of fauna or flora, location features, qualitative characteristics, the nature of the noticeable object, comparative characteristics, color, the presence of minerals, the name of the owner of the area, size, magnitude, cult and ritual features, and origin. Such characteristics of the objects of the nomination made it possible for their creators to distinguish them from a number of other geographical objects. They named unique natural objects: the Poyzym fortress mountain, the cult mountain at teerizi tag, the cult place of Khizil Charna, the ancient mine on the Pil mountain. In this work, the comparative method, the method of accumulation and selection of facts, the historical method, as well as methods of analysis and synthesis were used. In the future, it is planned to further study the toponymy of Tashtypsky District of the Republic of Khakassia, with the subsequent publication of the «Toponymic Dictionary of Southern Khakassia» with a complete list of geographical names. The article is based on the materials of informants, dictionaries, linguistic, historical, folklore, and media sources.

The article’s relevance lies in the understanding that a professional approach to the RussianYakut language and scholarly research of its specific issues may not only improve translation and culture of speech but also protect the minority language from rapid assimilation. The article’s purpose is to systemize the main grammatical transformations that appear due to discrepancies in grammatical forms of the Russian and Yakut languages. In translation practice, there are four main transformations determined in general translation theory and typical for all pairs of languages: 1) transpositions, 2) substitutions, 3) additions, and 4) omissions. The article’s novelty is that developments on the comparative grammar of the Russian and Yakut languages, previously made by scholars-educators, are considered in the article from a new perspective of translation and interpretation studies. The works on the general theory of translation by Ya.I. Retsker and I.S. Alekseeva, works of the Yakut linguistic methodologists E.N. Dmitrieva and N.I. Ivanova, as well as the works of the founder of the specific theory of Russian-Yakut translation T.I. Petrova provided the main theoretical framework for this article. The equivalents and discrepancies of the grammar of the Russian and Yakut languages are determined via the methods of comparative analysis. The observation method determines usual transformations in the Russian-Yakut translation. The work is descriptive and systematizes objectively existing translation transformations in a particular pair of languages. The following equivalents and discrepancies of the contacting languages, most important for translation didactics, were detected as a result of the establishment of the specific features of grammatical transformations in the Russian-Yakut and Yakut-Russian translations: 1) conventional discrepancies with the formal equivalence in the category of plurality in the both languages; 2) discrepancies in the case declension; in most cases it enables the detection of non-formal equivalents due to common remote structures and implicit content; 3) discrepancies in the development of verb forms up to the formation of lexical gaps, which can be compensated with the help of lexical-semantic transformations; 4) discrepancies in the types of word linking, the syntax of simple and complex sentences, for which regular functional equivalents are most often found in the target language due to the possibilities of syntactic synonymy; 5) the absence of gender in the Yakut language, which is compensated by the natural redundancy of linguistic forms. In future, the identified patterns may lay the basis for the development and implementation of practical manuals for translation and editing.

This article analyzes the method of functional analogue in the Russian-Yakut translation of religious vocabulary, as the most effective method of translation, also classifies the religious vocabulary from the linguistic point of view, which is of interest from the point of view of the Russian-Yakut translation. Since in recent years more and more religious texts translated into the Yakut language have appeared, the question of the quality of these translated materials logically arises. And in texts of a religious nature, the vocabulary to be studied is found in sufficient abundance. And the translator, before starting work, should study the text to be translated, in particular, linguistically. To achieve this goal, we set the following tasks: 1) on the basis of a comparative analysis of theoretical and methodological material, determine our scheme for classification; 2) by the method of collecting information, identify from the text all vocabulary of a religious nature; 3) decompose the collected material according to the classification scheme and conduct statistical analysis; 4) based on the material of the translated text, make a classification of the translation methods used by the author; 5) to conduct a statistical analysis of the cases of using a functional analogue, as one of the methods of adequate and equivalent translation. The main conclusions obtained during the study indicate that religious vocabulary, which at first glance seems to be a large single lump, upon detailed analysis has many groups and subgroups. So, in our material, religious vocabulary was grouped into two main groups: general religious vocabulary and general Christian (church) vocabulary, each of which has its own subgroups. And as a result of the statistical analysis, we received the following result: in our material «The Life and Feats of the Monk and God-bearing Father of our Sergius, Hegumen of Radonezh and All Russia, Wonderworker» 79 cases of the use of general religious vocabulary and 201 cases of the use of general Christian vocabulary. Based on this classification, 7 main methods of Russian-Yakut translation were identified, of which the functional analogue method occupies a leading position, 135 realities out of 280 were translated by this method.

Due to the lack of proper attention and funding, the regional animation in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) is developing very slowly. We can say that animation in our republic has been at its inception for many years. Under the current conditions of globalization and the unification of linguistic and cultural values, dubbing of animated films into the Yakut language seems to be one of the effective means of preserving and developing the state language of the republic, expanding its functional capabilities, and increasing the culture of Yakut speech among the population. The purpose of this article was to identify the features of the dubbed Russian-Yakut literary translation of animated films. Based on the purpose of the study, the following tasks are being solved: 1. To determine the specifics of the dubbed translation of animated films in the aspect of artistic and audiovisual translation; 2. to describe the conditions for observance of synchronicity as the main principle of high-quality dubbed translation of animated films; 3. to reveal the genre and stylistic features of the dubbed Russian-Yakut literary translation of animated films of the Soviet period. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was the works of Russian translators A. A. Alvarez Soler, A. V. Kozulyaev, R. A. Matasov, Yakut linguists N. E. Petrov, T. I. Petrova, A. A. Vasilyeva, and others. In accordance with the purpose and objectives of the research work, traditional methods of linguistic, stylistic and translation analysis were used: the method of dictionary definitions, descriptive, typological, comparative, and contextual. Main conclusions are as follows: 1) When making Russian-Yakut dubbed literary translation of animated films, first of all, methods of literary translation are used, since an animated film is created on the basis of a literary work (script) written for children, and depending on the genre, it can have the same stylistic features as any artwork for children; 2) Identification of problematic linguistic categories in the dubbed cartoon text at the pre-translation stage: its culturally-marked and modal-marked elements is one of the most important points in the dubbed Russian-Yakut translation of animated films; 3) When dubbing Russian-Yakut animated films, it is required to be guided by the principle of synchronism, which implies the implementation of three types of synchronization: phonetic (lip sync and isochronism), semantic (semantic equivalence of the replicas of the original and the translation), and dramatic (correspondence of the translation to the events of the video sequence). Dubbing cartoons into the Yakut language should increase the prestige of the Yakut language among the population, expand its functionality, and increase the communication skills of children in their first language.

The article is devoted to the reindeer herding vocabulary of the Kalar Evenks, whose economic activity is connected with reindeer husbandry, hunting and fishing. Basing on the linguistic material collected during the field research from 24 April to 19 June 2021 in Kalarsky District, Zabailkalsky Krai, the author analyzes the vocabulary of the Evenk language associated with reindeer husbandry. The description of the vocabulary is given by lexico-semantic groups of words (LSG) within the thematic group of words (TG). Today, the reindeer herding vocabulary of the Kalar Evenks has not been sufficiently studied. Meanwhile, the Evenk language is being lost. Currently, reindeer herders have preserved the original layer of the vocabulary of the Evenk language. This makes it possible to document and systematize reindeer herding vocabulary. This is the relevance and practical significance of the presented work. The purpose of the article is to study the reindeer herding vocabulary of the Evenk language on the material of the Kalar dialect. The work used the transcription of audio recordings collected during the field research from informants, as well as the lexicographic analysis of reindeer herding vocabulary in the Evenk-Russian dictionary by A. N. Myreeva [1], a review of the vocabulary in the A. N. Myreeva’s monographs “The vocabulary of the Evenk language: Flora and fauna” [2] and “The vocabulary of the Evenk language: traditional economy” [3]. There are currently no monographs devoted to the reindeer herding vocabulary of the Evenk language. The author analyzed and signed photos and drawings. The drawings were created by Yuri Yurievich Malchakitov and Vladimir Fedorovich Kirilov, reindeer herders of the Evenki “Amikan” (‘bear’) community. The drawings show the subjects of pack-riding and reindeer maintenance. The author managed to record and reflect in the article the material of the reindeer herding vocabulary of the Kalar Evenks: LSG of gender and age names of reindeer; LSG of common names of reindeer without taking into account gender and age; LSG of reindeer in pack-riding and sled transport; LGS of does; LSG of reindeer colors; LSG of names of reindeer by habits; LSG of pack-riding and sled harness of reindeer; LSG of insides and parts of the reindeer carcass; LSG of reindeer maintenance; LSG of names of reindeer by the shape of the horns.