The article is devoted to the study of the functional-semantic category of beingness in the Yakut. The purpose of this article is to describe the structure of the category under consideration, identified on the Yakut material. The study is based on the functional-semantic approach, which allows us to display the holistic organization of universal semantic categories with specific content and means of expression. A brief description of the main directions of research into the category of beingness in linguistics, based on functional-semantic, linguopragmatic, syntactic approaches, is given. The structure of the functional- semantic category of beingness in Yakut is presented. The structure of the functional-semantic category of beingness in the Yakut language is presented. It was revealed that the functional-semantic field of beingness in Yakut has a polycentric structure, which is determined by the type of relationship of the semantics of beingness to the grammatical category (noun and verb) and the syntactic structure of the sentence (predicative and nominative constructions). From the position of the functional-semantic approach, the means of expressing the category of beingness in the Yakut can be combined into a functional-semantic field, consisting of two parts: the microfield of beingness, expressed by nominal means of denoting existence/non- existence, being/non-existence, presence/absence, and the microfield of beingness, represented by verbal means of denoting existence/non-existence, being/non-existence, presence/absence. The indicated parts of the functional-semantic field of beingness in the Yakut consist of multi-level means, dispersed according to the “center – periphery” principle. The article presen

The issues of comparative language learning are among the most relevant topics in modern
linguistics. The comparative typological method is especially important when studying the word-formation
systems of two languages in order to identify similarities and differences. Complex words actively replenish
the lexical stock of the language in all its functional varieties. There is a fairly voluminous layer of vocabulary
of composite words representing the names of birds – ornithonyms. The abundance of composite words in
the Yakut and Altai languages used for naming birds, and the lack of work on their comprehensive research
and systematization indicates the need for scientific research of bird names. The purpose of this work is
to study the lexical and semantic features and word-formation structures of composite words denoting the
names of birds in the Yakut and Altai languages. In order to achieve this goal, the following tasks are solved:
identification of the functional meaning of composite words; consideration of the history of the study of bird
names in Turkic linguistics; systematization of bird names in the Yakut and Altai languages; establishment
of the main lexico-semantic groups, methods of formation and structural models of composite ornithonyms.
This study uses a set of methods: comparative, descriptive and quantitative methods. The scientific novelty
of the work consists in the fact that the issues of comparative analysis of composite words denoting the
names of birds in the Yakut and Altai languages were not the subject of special study. The theoretical and
practical significance of the work is that its materials can be used in the study of composite ornithonyms in
other Turkic languages, as well as in the development of lecture courses, seminars on vocabulary.

The article reveals the types of stylistic errors made when translating a literary fairy tale from Russian into the Yakut language; examples are given from the translated text made by the Yakut translator V. S. Fedorov – Sameer Basylai in 1983. As the source text for the comparison, we used Russian translations made by the Hansen spouses of the fairy-tales by famous Danish writer Hans Christian Andersen: “Wild Swans”, “Flint”, “Steady Tin Soldier”, “Piggy Bank”, “Ugly Duckling”, “Snow Queen”, “Nightingale”, “Shepherd Girl and Chimney Sweep”, “Old House”, “Magic Hill”, “Flying Chest”, and “Thumbelina”. A comparative and descriptive method was used with the use of the classification of stylistic errors made in the Yakut translation. The methodological basis of this study was the work of Russian researchers I. B. Golub and G. Y. Solganika in the field of stylistics and culture of speech of the Russian language, as well as educational publications in the Yakut language by T. I. Petrova, A. A. Vasilyeva, and N. A. Efremova. The authors gave an objective assessment of the quality of the translation of the text in the Yakut language, based on the analysis, the following types of stylistic errors in the translated text were identified: 1) at the lexical level (confusion in the meaning of the word, redundancy, insufficiency of the word, violation of the usual and literary norms, distortion of phraseological units, interspersed with clericalisms); 2) at the grammatical level (adding inappropriate affixes); 3) at the syntactic level (violation of the order of words in a sentence).

The article considers comparison in the Yakut epic. The purpose of the article is to study poetic means in the epic texts of the Yakuts, in particular, a comparison in the northeastern tradition of the olonkho of the Yakuts. In the poetics of the northeastern tradition of olonkho, a thematic classification of comparisons is revealed. The basis of the classification will be the object of comparison, which in the mental activity of the listener of the olonkho was directed to the knowledge of the new “unfamiliar”. According to the thematic principle, the comparisons are divided into four groups: objects describing actions, nature, somatisms, dwellings and household items, and animals. The most common group are comparison objects that describe nature. We also divided the classification of comparisons according to two criteria: by composition and by structure. Structurally, the comparisons should be divided into simple and complex. Compound comparisons are differentiated as stepped and multiple comparisons. Stepped comparisons consist of a series of simple comparisons, each of which has its own object and image. Multiple comparisons with two or three components of repeated comparisons consist of one object and several images. The most numerous part is represented by these objects of comparison. In each multiple comparison, objects are usually expressed by homogeneous, semantically close predicates denoting the actions of the character. Complex comparisons, consistently revealing the course of actions, complement a certain image.

This article discusses Altai myths with the mention of the name of the character Tyanar,
published in the work “Altai aliens” by Vasily Verbitsky. However, in order to clarify the primordial character
of the Tyanar in the Altai myths, we find out the history of the recording of myths by Verbitsky, and analyze
the myths about celestial characters. For the same purpose, we find out other Altai mythological stories
about the messengers of the heavenly world in the Altai cosmogony and compare them with the Yakut stories
in which the character Tanara is present. The article traces the cult of Heaven in the Sakha (Yakutia) in terms
of comparative and shamanic ritual with the poetry of Altai, Khakassia, Tuva and Buryat. We analyzed
similar terms for the concept of Heaven and destinations that symbolize the worship of heaven. The author
believes that the cult of Heaven in the Sakha (Yakut) kept the general typological features. It manifests itself
in ritual and ceremonial complex of Ysyakh festival. Sky personified Urduk Ajyylar ‘Supreme Deity’, on
presentation of the Yakuts, living in different layers of heaven.

 The article is devoted to the demonstration of an ethnopsycholinguistic methodology for a study of the significance of values. For this purpose, on the basis of the psychological theory of activity, the introduction of the category of significance into the ethnopsycholinguistic modeling of the structure and content of values is proposed; the separation of motivational and functional significance is substantiated. The procedure of ethnopsycholinguistic analysis of the motivational and functional significance of the value “democracy” is demonstrated by the example of data analysis of the associative experiment. Conclusions are drawn about the high motivational significance of democracy, which is manifested in the nature of the semantic connection between speech actions expressing internal needs, the situation of satisfying these needs and the emotional and evaluative attitude to this situation; about the functional significance expressed in the limited nature of speech operations. The high prognostic potential of the psycholinguistic approach to the study of the significance of values and the role of speech activity in its formation and functioning is noted.

The issue of preserving the language of an ethnic group as a language of communication, as well as a carrier of cultural codes, has now acquired particular urgency and relevance. How to preserve and develop a language in the conditions of globalization and widespread digitalization, in the conditions of coming, and in many ways already real, information chaos and in conditions when in the near future most of the known languages are threatened with complete extinction. Obviously, one of the reliable and promising solutions is embedding a language in the digital space as a language of accumulation, processing and transmission of information; a language of communication in the global Internet network. Currently, in the Republic of Tatarstan, a set of organizational and policy measures has been almost completely implemented and the necessary information and technological base has been created to ensure full functioning of the Tatar language in computer technologies, including business and management spheres, publishing, educational activities, linguistic research and development. Another effective and very promising activity is the research and use of the language as a cognitive-conceptual tool that can enrich the mental and spiritual space of civilization as a linguistic-semiotic resource that has the necessary potential for creating new knowledge processing technologies and an intelligent interface. This paper presents the experience of research and practical activities of the Institute of Applied Semiotics of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan in one of the important areas of artificial intelligence called “Natural Language Processing”. Research and development are carried out in three theoretical and applied areas: 1) Tatar national localization of infocommunication technologies, 2) Development of software tools, systems and technologies for natural language processing and creation of linguistic resources, 3) Creation of new intelligent information processing technologies based on the research the cognitive potential of the Tatar language.

 Petr Alekseevich Sleptsov, Chief Researcher of the Department of Yakut Linguistics, Institute for Humanities Research and Problems of Indigenous Peoples of the North (IGIiPMNS), Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, a well-known turkologist, the first member of the academy from Yakut linguists, Doctor of Philology, Professor, turned 95 on July 12, 2023. On this occasion, the Institute for Humanities Research and Problems of Indigenous Peoples of the North SB RAS, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and the Administration of the municipal district “Verkhnekolymsky ulus (rayon)” are hosting a Russian conference “Languages of the indigenous peoples of Russia in interdisciplinary discourse” on December 14, 2023. Petr Sleptsov developed theoretical and applied directions of the modern Yakut linguistics, including lexicology, lexicography, sociolinguistics, linguo-folkloristics, ethnolinguistics, and history of language. He is a leading Yakut lexicographer, deeply delving into the historical and cultural role of linguistic evidence and written language. Under his leadership, editorship and co-authorship the Yakut-Russian Dictionary (1972) was created, which was the first normative dictionary of medium volume in the Yakut language. After the release of this dictionary, Petr Alekseevich managed to concentrate the main forces of his students – linguists on the creation of a very complex and time-consuming work – a multi-volume Great Academic Explanatory Dictionary of the Yakut Language. Petr Alekseevich begun this tremendous project in 1972, it was successfully completed in 2018 after 46 years in 15 volumes of 769 printed sheets, covering 80 thousand words and phraseological units. During this time, he was the permanent editor-in-chief of all volumes of the dictionary. This dictionary represents a new type of explanatory dictionaries of Turkic languages. First of all, the Dictionary is not only descriptive, i. e. fixing certain rules for usage of words, but also a national dictionary of the descriptive registering type. It means that, taking into account the diversity of the existing vocabulary, the authors sought to cover and present the lexical richness of the language of the Yakut people as fully as possible. This refers to defining a dictionary type as “registering”. Another feature is that the dictionary is bilingual. The goal of the dictionary was to ensure the introduction of the richest material to a wide scholarly audience through the Russian language. With this project, Petr Alekseevich attracted several generations of linguists from his students and like-minded people to a very complex, but always fascinating, interesting and promising field of scientific activity – lexicography. Thanks to this project there exists a team of lexicographers, the Sleptsov school of Yakut lexicographers under the leadership of Member of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), laureate of the State Prize of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in the field of science and technology, Honored Scientist of the Yakut ASSR and the Russian Federation Peter Alekseevich Sleptsov.