The article analyzes the peculiarities of the dialects of the Yakut language in the use of the voice forms of the verb: reflexive, passive, and imperative. In these forms, the process of semantic and formal development of the voice system is most clearly presented. In modern conditions, under the influence of the literary language, there is an intensive process of leveling dialect differences in different sections of the language and in the speech of native speakers. Therefore, the study of the deep historical roots of the differences in dialects is of particular relevance. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set: identifying the analyzed forms in published materials, comparing them with similar forms in the Turkic languages, clarifying their origin. Methods of continuous sampling, comparison and contrasting were applied. The above dialectal phenomena in the use of voice forms allow us to talk about the stability of archaic variants: they have an ancient origin and are due to the very nature of the linguistic system. The use of voice forms in the literary language should be strictly regulated by the properties of transitivity / intransitivity of the verb stem, as well as by the rules of semantic compatibility of the components of the voice structure. This allows us to speak about the further prospect of a deeper analysis of the peculiarities of the dialects of the Yakut language, based on the latest research methods.

The article is devoted to the study of everyday vocabulary of the Yakut language, associated with the names of dishware and kitchen utensils, which represents the most ancient layer of the Yakut lexicon. The aim of the article was to identify and describe the lexical-semantic features of the names of dishware and kitchen utensils in the Yakut language in comparison with other Turkic languages. In order to achieve the intended goal, the following tasks were set: to identify the vocabulary denoting dishware and kitchen utensils in the Yakut language; to determine the main semantic groups of this vocabulary; to describe its semantics; to identify parallels in this branch in other Turkic languages. In accordance with the goal and tasks of the article, the following research methods were used: descriptive, comparative-historical, contrasting, etymological. The lexical units recorded in the 15-volume “The Big Explanatory Dictionary of the Yakut language” edited by P.A. Sleptsov were analyzed. Economic, social, cultural and other changes occurring in the course of the historical development of the people, lead to changes in various spheres of society, including in everyday life. The relevance of the research is determined by the fact that a large number of lexical units, used in the past in the material culture of the people, is archaic or completely goes out of use. The identification and study of such words not only allows us to get acquainted with the material culture of the people, with its historical past, but also is of great value for the reconstruction of the semantics of the Yakut language. The identified names denoting dishware and kitchen utensils in the Yakut language allow us to classify this layer of vocabulary into three main groups: names of dishware and kitchen utensils for cooking, names of dishware and kitchen utensils for gathering and storing food and drinks, and names of dishware and kitchen utensils for serving. It was established that the most numerous group consists of the names of dishware and kitchen utensils for collecting, storing food and drinks. In the vocabulary related to dishware and kitchen utensils, parallels in other languages were revealed. It was found that the most correspondences in the Khakass language.

This article examines the lexical and semantic features of monochromatic horse colors in the Yakut language in a comparative-contrasting aspect with the Altai, Khakass, Tuvan and Kyrgyz languages. The research material was collected from lexicographic sources and from informants. The relevance of the work lies in the fact that the study of color designation contributes to the systematic analysis of vocabulary in general. In the Yakut language, the study of the names of horse colors is of particular importance, since this lexical layer has not been comprehensively studied. It is also important that by studying the color designations of horse colors in the Yakut language, one can reveal the reflection of a fragment of knowledge of the Yakut people; show that the identified linguistic microsystem is one of the components of the consciousness, culture and ethno-mentality of the Sakha people. The purpose of the article was to identify the lexical and semantic features of color designations describing the color of a horse in the Yakut language in comparison with related East Turkic languages. Methods: method of continuous sampling, with the help of which the selection of material for analysis is carried out; comparative-contrastive and comparative-historical methods, which make it possible to reveal the lexical and semantic features of the uniform colors of the horse in the studied languages; quantitative and statistical research method, with the help of which quantitative and percentage indicators are derived for the main analysis results; a descriptive method that allows you to more deeply characterize the names of the colors of the horse. One-color horse suits in the Yakut language (in a comparative-contrasting aspect with the East Turkic languages) were analyzed. One-color suits have the same color of skin and hair. The main one-color suits include: black, red, nightingale, brown; as well as various tones and shades of the main suits – apprentices. They indicate the intensity of the color of the main suit (dark, light), color nuance (golden, red) and uniformity of color (muhortaya, undersized). Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that these Eastern Turkic languages are in a close position to the Yakut language in terms of preserving the semantic meaning of parallels. Consequently, there is a close connection between these Eastern Turkic languages and the Yakut language.

With the development of information technology, many special terms from this field penetrate into our lives every day. For the competitive development of the Yakut language, it is necessary to actively introduce it into the IT sphere and establish cultural ties with international languages. This study is an additional step towards expanding the use of the state language of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). As you know, the minimum unit of a language is a phoneme. Preserving the phonetic stability of a language is a fundamental factor in its longevity. It is for this reason that we decided to create a transcription system based on which borrowings from the English language will acquire the sound appearance of the Yakut language according to a single standard. Such an innovation will eliminate controversial points in the spelling of borrowed words, which is currently the subject of numerous discussions. The purpose of the article was to compare computer terms of Mongolian languages and calculate possible ways to create computer terms in the Yakut language using models of Mongolian languages. Observation of particular cases of term formation in the Mongolian and Kalmyk languages is necessary for a deeper understanding of the derivational universals of the Altai family, which, in turn, should contribute to the development of Yakut terminology. In this regard, we have set the following tasks: 1) to describe the methods of translating Mongolian computer terms; 2) to make an attempt to identify possible options for translating these terms into the Yakut language based on the Mongolian experience of term creation; 3) in cases of identifying controversial issues and various translation options, to send the analyzed words to advisory surveys. These surveys will be conducted among the participants of the group on the VK social network; 4) to develop a system of transcription of English into the Yakut language. The article uses the method of analysis, description and comparison. The study concluded that it was necessary to develop a transcription system from various languages into the Yakut language. In particular, the article itself analyzes the phonetics of English and Latin words, and also provides examples of transcribing anglicisms and latinisms into the Yakut language. The system of transcription of the English language into the Yakut language developed by us is given.

Issues of the national-cultural specifics of the language are very relevant in many areas of knowledge, especially in cultural linguistics. The article presents a linguoculturological analysis of the national and cultural specifics of words and realities, denoting residential buildings of the Yakuts. In this study, the linguistic picture of the world is presented as an integral system in the traditional culture of the Sakha people. The theoretical basis was the scholarly works by C. Levi-Straus, H.G. Gadamer, O. Spengler, P. Ricoeur, B. Malinovsky, S.A. Tokareva, T.V. Chernihiv; A.A. Reformatsky, A.E. Supruna, S. Vlakhova, S. Florin; A.K. Bayburin, N.K. Antonova, F.M. Zykova, S.I. Nikolaeva-Somogotto, and others. The material for the analysis was taken from such sources as the three-volume Dictionary of the Yakut Language by E.K. Pekarsky, “Large explanatory dictionary of the Yakut language. B ”(Part II),“ Yakut-Russian Dictionary” ed. P.A. Sleptsov, “Etymological Dictionary of the Yakut Language” by G.V. Popov. The dwellings and outbuildings of the Yakuts and Russians are analyzed and compared on the basis of linguistic material. A descriptive research method was used, a brief historical excursion to the evolution of housing buildings was carried out, methods of transferring non-equivalent vocabulary in Russian were determined. Using the method of continuous sampling, we compiled a list of words and realities like balagan, buluus, dal, titiik, umuһakh, uraһa, happakhchy, holomo, khospokh, khoton, most of them are already archaized. The above words and realities are used in historical and ethnographic works, in fiction, as well as in the colloquial speech of rural Yakuts.

The article considers the peculiarities of transferring proper names in the text of the story of the Altai writer Dibash Kainchin “Ashes of the Stars” when translated from Russian into the Yakut language. The importance of research on the language of literary translations in the development of literature and the education of the culture of interethnic communication determines the relevance of the topic under consideration. Proper names are the subject of a special linguistic branch – onomastics. The proper name is also the object of translation, since it functions in texts of various stylistic affiliation and presents a certain problem for the translator, especially if there is no fixed pattern of transferring the proper name to the translating language. The purpose of the work is to analyze the methods and techniques used in the translation of proper names by the translator Semyon Gorokhov to preserve the lexical, grammatical and stylistic features that distinguish the author’s style of Dibash Kainchin in the target (Yakut) language. Research methods – comparative analysis of the translation with the source text and the text in Russian, lexico-semantic and statistical analysis. A comparative analysis of the story “Ashes of the Stars” with its translation into the Yakut language allowed us to identify lexical, grammatical, stylistic features of proper names and to consider the methods of their transmission and preservation in translation, the adequacy of the transfer of the author’s idea in the use of character names. The research material was the novel “Ashes of the Stars” by Dibash Kainchin (1994), translated by him and his daughter Kemene Kainchina from the Altai language into Russian (2006), and the text translated into the Yakut language by Semyon Gorokhov (2009). As a result of the research, it was possible to identify the following translation techniques used in the transfer of proper names in the texts of literatures of related languages: phonetic translation methods: transcription, transliteration, a combination of transcription and transliteration; lexical translation methods: semantic calculus, generalization. It is established that when translating the proper names of the story, semantic calculus is mainly used. The next common method is transliteration in combination with transcription. Next comes transliteration, then generalization. A positive role in the translation was played by the kinship of the two languages – both the Altai and Yakut versions of many proper names are based on the same lexemes with common Turkic roots. Translator Semyon Gorokhov, using these techniques, managed to accurately convey the meanings laid down by the author, as well as to reveal the meaning of the proper names of the story “Ashes of the Stars” in all their diversity.

The purpose of the article was to highlight the historical periods of the translation of religious literature into the Yakut language and to scrutinize the translation techniques used by S. Leontyeva in her work on the Book of Proverbs of Solomon “Solomuon aman oso”. Translation of religious literature is a very specific niche for ordinary researchers of the Yakut language. Addressed to such philosophical spheres as faith, spirituality, and morality, religious literature is replete with abstract vocabulary, which is difficult to translate as it has a great number of terms. However, over the centuries, each culture has developed its own lexical and semantic systems to designate moral values. But such systems do not always form a coherent system of terminological equivalents pairs of languages. In such a case, translation can clarify equivalents and hone the meanings of abstract vocabulary as translation often opens up new facets of the language. Therein lies the relevance of research of religious literature translations into the Yakut language. Experience in translating religious literature for the past centuries prompts modern translators to choose the grand style of storytelling. A parallel syntax method based on alliteration is used to form such a style. This method is a distinctive feature of Yakut folklore. And the style of folklore (of the heroic epic olonkho in particular) is a naturally developed grand style of the Yakut language. This style is highly sought after in modern language and actively used in fiction. Thanks to the grand style, translations of ancient religious texts are vivid and understandable for a modern Yakut reader, but also have a touch of antiquity due to the distinctive syntax, archaized vocabulary, conventional epithets, etc. The article also shows the adoption of biblical stories in Yakut folklore and literature. The article notes an intricate combination of the traditional epic worldview and biblical plots that result in a tale and are accompanied by humorous commentaries of characters created by Platon A. Oyunsky, a classic author of Yakut literature. “Solomuon Muudarai”, a story by Platon A. Oyunsky, is evidence of the existence of Yakut folklore at the beginning of the 20th century.

This article discusses the classification and translation of onomatopoeic words in Yakut heroic epics Olonkho into Russian and English. The research material was selected texts of olonkho “Nyurgun Bootur the Swift”, “Eles Bootur”, “Bogatyrka Kyys Kylabynai” and their translations into Russian and English. The aim of the study was to analyze groups of onomatopoeia in Yakut heroic epics, as well as to identify ways of translation and specifics of the transfer of onomatopoeia into Russian and English. Onomatopoeic words in olonkho act as means of expressiveness and figurativeness, they perform a special aesthetic function in the text, and since olonkho itself is a work with a vivid plot structure and an emotional description of characters and actions, onomatopoeia in texts can occur frequently. In the material under consideration, a total of 137 onomatopoeic units were collected, of which most of the examples belong to the group of sounds made by humans, as well as natural sounds. The analysis of these units of the language made it possible to find out that onomatopoeia in Yakut heroic epics can often be repeated, but sometimes used in different contexts. Being words with a specific meaning creates a lot of problems when translated into Russian and English. Due to the lack of appropriate equivalents and analogues with a suitable dictionary meaning, onomatopoeia in olonkho are omitted. In addition, approximate translation, selection of a functional analogue and transcription are often found.

This article examines complex epithet constructions on the example of olonkho of the northeastern Yakut tradition. At the present stage, it is considered relevant to study the northeastern tradition (part of the northern tradition) as a separate and independent branch of the regional tradition. Studying the olonkho of the north-eastern tradition of the Yakuts using modern methods and techniques makes it possible to recreate a holistic picture of the northern tradition of Yakut storytelling. The aim of the research is to study complex epithets, in particular, epithets with comparisons. Epithets with comparisons make up 26% of the total number of identified epithets in the analyzed olonkho texts. In the epithets with comparisons, in addition to the defining words themselves, comparisons with the help of comparative particles Kurduk (like) and saҕa (like) are included. For the convenience of analysis, epithets with comparisons are differentiated according to the thematic principle of the object. The first group includes objects of epithets with comparisons associated with ideas about nature. The second thematic group of complex epithets with comparisons includes somatisms that semantically identify those related to the body part of olonkho characters, including descriptions of their physical and emotional states. The third group should include objects of epithets characterizing dwellings, courtyard buildings and household items. The fourth group includes complex epithets with comparisons, the objects of which are the heroic horse. The authors come to the conclusion that the poetic system of olonkho texts of this tradition belongs to the early stage of formation, therefore it is poorly developed. Most of the used epithets refer to simple epithets 74%. Compound epithets make up 26%. It should be noted that the storytellers described the nature of only the familiar area, descriptions of the evergreen coniferous and associated poetic paths are characteristic only of the olonkho texts of the northeastern tradition. The objects of poetic inspiration, allowing you to create vivid images for listeners using epithets with comparisons, are also expanses of water (uu – water, kүөl – lake), mountains and rocks, clouds and lakes.

The object of the research is the category of linguistic modality, which expresses: 1) the attitude of the utterance to reality from the point of view of the speaker; 2) the speaker’s attitude to the content of the utterance; 3) the attitude of the subject of action to action. The article examines the system of the indicative mood as a means of expressing the attitude of the utterance to reality, conveying the correspondence of the content of the utterance to reality (reality). In the light of the category of modality, the form of tense is considered – aorist (present-past) indicative mood. The relevance of the study based on the materials of the Yukaghir language is determined by the fact that, along with a sufficiently built theoretical description of the category of modality in the works of domestic and foreign researchers, this category remains unexplored in the system of the Yukaghir language. The aim of the research wais to study the system of the indicative mood – as a means of expressing the attitude of the utterance to reality, conveying the correspondence of the content of the utterance to reality. Achieving this goal involves solving the following tasks: a) determining the category of modality in linguistics; b) determination of the range of meanings included in the sphere of modality in the Yukaghir language; c) consideration of the aorist system (present-past tense) of the indicative mood in the Yukaghir language. The theoretical postulate of the famous Russian linguist, academician V.V. Vinogradov, who, in order to identify modal meanings, proceeded from a broad interpretation of modality. The research was carried out on the basis of a functional-semantic analysis of the collected material, which is based on the theory of functional grammar by prof. A.V. Bondarko, within which various linguistic means – morphological, lexical, lexical-grammatical, syntactic – are combined on the basis of the commonality of their functions. The structural-semantic descriptive method was used to establish the structure of the sentence and the systematics of its elements, functionalsemantic analysis, the method of component analysis, as well as the constructive method in understanding the language as a dynamic system that ensures the generation of modal speech statements.