This article explores the functional-semantic category of beingness in the Yakut language, aiming to describe the structure of construction of beingness with a dialectal verb expressing the semantics of the beginning of existence. The relevance of the study lies in the need for a systematic study of the category of existence in the Yakut language, which consists of multi-level means of its expression, in the context of modern theoretical approaches. The article is based on a functional-semantic approach that allows for the holistic organization of universal semantic categories with specific content and means of expression. It represents a continuation of the study of existence verbs and constructions of beingness in the Yakut language. In accordance with the purpose of the article, its objectives are to present dialectal verbs as peripheral means of expressing the category of existence in the Yakut language, and to present syntactic models with verbs of beginning existence with the typical semantics of “beginning (to begin) to exist, appearing (to appear), becoming (to become) to exist; beginning (to begin) to perform any actions, being performed, or occurring”. The research material is the “Dialectological Dictionary of the Yakut Language”, which contains over 8,500 dialectal words and phrases in the Yakut language [5]. In it, by using methods of continuous sampling, modeling, and glossing, the identified phenomena are presented as an example. A brief description of the structure of the functional-semantic category of ontological construction in the Yakut language is presented, along with dialectal verbs as peripheral means of the category of beingness construction in the Yakut language. A model of a syntactic construction with a dialectal verb with the semantics of the beginning of existence, as well as its structural types, is presented. The place of such constructions in the functional-semantic field of beingness in the Yakut language is determined. The Yakut language has a polycentric structure determined by the relationship of ontologicality semantics to the grammatical category (noun and verb) and the syntactic structure of the sentence (predicative and nominative constructions), as peripheral means of its expression. From the perspective of the functional-semantic approach, the means of expressing the category of beingness in the Yakut language can be combined into a functional-semantic field consisting of two parts: the micro-field of beingness, expressed by nominal means denoting existence/non-existence, being/ non-being, presence/absence, and the micro-field of ontologicality, represented by verbal means denoting existence/non-existence, being/non-being, and presence/absence. These parts of the functional-semantic field of beingness in the Yakut language consist of multi-level means, distributed according to the center-periphery principle. This article presents the first description of the structure of an ontological construction with a dialectal verb and the semantics of the beginning of existence in the Yakut language. In the future, it will be possible to study dialectal verbs belonging to other subgroups of the lexical-semantic group of existence verbs, such as verbs of existence in a specific place, verbs of reaching the limit of existence and verbs of ceasing to exist.

Aleksey Kulakovsky, one of the prominent representatives of the Yakut intelligentsia of the early 20th century, the founder of Yakut literature, a prominent thinker, public figure, and versatile scientist, traveled through the uluses and districts of his native region and collected a wealth of dialectological material on the Yakut language. His work consists of 20 sections, which include approximately 760 words from Yakut dialects, along with their translations into the “Tattyn dialect”. This article examines this significant body of factual material on dialect vocabulary: “Dialects of various localities, uluses, and districts, with the addition of archaisms, special hunting terms, homonyms, and synonyms (about 760 words)”. The aim of the research is to systematize and conduct an in-depth study of Kulakovsky’s dialectological material. To achieve this aim, the following objectives are addressed: to divide the collected dialects by theme into lexico-semantic groups, to determine their origin, to establish the methods of formation of lexical dialectisms, and to identify the variations of phonetic dialectisms. In the course of the work, a structural research method was used, in particular, the method of semantic field and distributional analysis. Lexical-semantic groups related to the environment, cattle breeding, reindeer breeding, hunting, fishing, food, clothing, animals, parts of the human body, and animal qualities have been identified. Native Yakut words, words of Evenki (Even) origin, and words borrowed from the Russian language were established based on the origin of dialectalisms. The article identifies affixal and non-affixal (lexical-semantic, lexical-morphological, lexical-syntactic) methods of word formation of lexical dialectisms. It also identifies types of phonetic dialectisms with variations in vowel and consonant sounds. The results of the study can be used in the teaching of vocabulary and phonetics of the Yakut language and Yakut dialectology.

The article analyzes snow nominations in the North-Eastern dialects of the Yakut language. The relevance of the study is determined by the insufficient knowledge of dialectal terminology, as well as the rapid disappearance of this unique lexical layer under the influence of globalization and urbanization. The aim of the work is to identify, systematize, and analyze the methods of snow nomination, which is an important step for their documentation and introduction into scholarly discourse. The methodological basis of the research was the method of continuous sampling from lexicographical sources, which allowed for the identification of 20 lexemes. These were classified into 8 lexico-thematic groups: crusted snow (nast); snowdrifts and blizzards; soft snow; fine snow; snow crystals; deep snow; loose snow; and mixed snow with rain. A key analytical tool was the concept of the formal-semantic structure of a word, understood as its inner form. A detailed analysis of the lexical units revealed key motivational features and methods of nomination. It was established that snow nominations are formed through: 1) borrowings (e.g., obuyoy, sögürüöp); 2) affixation (e.g., bispëh, tübük); 3) the lexico-semantic method, primarily metaphorization (e.g., bïta, dïgdïa toŋot, kuobah bahağa, kuobah kuturuga); and 4) the lexico-syntactic method (e.g., köbüörünnük khaar, sekiriennik khaar). The metaphors are based on zoomorphic (kuobah ‘hare’), phytomorphic (bïta ‘rhizome’), somatic (kuturuk ‘tail’, bahah ‘thickened part’), and other associations. For instance, the nomination khaptahïn toŋot (lit. ‘board-crust’) not only describes hard crusted snow but also encodes knowledge about its danger for herd horse breeding. The study clearly demonstrates that dialectal snow names are not merely a set of labels, but a complex system that verbalizes centuries-old observational experience, economic and cultural practices, and the adaptation strategies of the Yakuts to the harsh Arctic conditions. The linguistic worldview is inextricably linked to the natural environment. The obtained results emphasize the value of dialect data for linguistics and ethnography and open prospects for further comparative-historical research within the Turkic and Altaic languages.

A pressing scholarly and practical problem in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) is the lack of uniform standards for translating official document details into Yakut, the state language. This leads to spontaneity, variability, and incomplete compliance with language legislation. The purpose of this article is to develop scientifically sound recommendations for translating document details from Russian into Yakut to ensure their legal correctness, linguistic adequacy, and uniformity in office work. This paper utilizes methods of systematization, comparative analysis, terminological standardization, and a functional approach, taking into account the requirements of Russian GOSTs, local laws, and existing translation practices. As a result, a detailed system of rules for translating key document elements is proposed: abbreviations and acronyms, dates, document numbers, addresses, monetary units, and proper names with the unique Yakut components “uola” and “kyyһa.” Particular attention is paid to the choice between transliteration and transcription, the standardization of terminology, and the preservation of the original legal force of the translated elements. The developed recommendations have high practical significance, serving as a tool for implementing the republic’s language policy, a standard for translators and editors, and a resource for educational programs. Future research prospects include further codification of transcription rules, expansion of the work to industry-specific document types, and the integration of standards into digital translation environments.

This article presents a comprehensive study of Aleksey Kulakovsky’s work “Russian Words Borrowed and Assimilated by the Yakuts (Excluding Proper Names and Place Names)” (1924). The relevance of the study is determined by the need to reinterpret Kulakovsky’s scholarly legacy within the context of modern approaches to studying language contact and language policy. Given the growing interest in issues of language adaptation and intercultural communication, the Kulakovsky’s work gains particular significance as an example of a systematic approach to describing borrowing processes. The scientific novelty of the research lies in it being the first comprehensive linguistic and historical-cultural analysis of the Kulakovsky’s dictionary as an integral scholarly work. It introduces into academic discourse a systematic description of the principles for organizing lexicographic material, reveals previously unstudied aspects of the thematic classification of vocabulary, and offers a reassessment of the theoretical significance of the “Rules” section for the development of Yakut linguistics. Research methods include historical-cultural analysis for reconstructing the intellectual context of the work’s creation, the descriptive method for characterizing the dictionary’s structure, comparative-contrastive analysis for identifying phonetic patterns in loanword adaptation, and the method of thematic classification for systematizing lexical material. The aim of the work is a multifaceted analysis of the Kulakovsky’s lexicographic work, identifying its system-forming principles, and determining its scientific significance. The main conclusions of the study are: the Kulakovsky’s dictionary is not only a lexicographic monument but also a programmatic manifesto reflecting the author’s scholarly position on language development issues. The patterns of phonetic adaptation formulated in the “Rules” section demonstrate a systematic approach to describing language processes. The thematic organization of the lexical material allows the dictionary to be viewed as a valuable source for studying the interaction of Russian and Yakut linguistic cultures, reflecting profound processes of intercultural communication. Kulakovsky’s lexicographic principles retain methodological value, remaining a relevant tool for researching language contact.

This article analyzes the television program Ghevan, broadcast by the Sakha National Broadcasting Channel as an effective tool for preserving the linguistic and cultural identity of the indigenous peoples of the North. Ghevan plays an important role in popularizing and preserving the languages and cultures of the indigenous peoples of the North through the creation of content in the Yukaghir, Evenki, and Even languages. The aim of the study was to examine the genre and thematic diversity of materials broadcast on Ghevan. The subject of the study was materials aired on the Ghevan television program on the Sakha NBC television channel. The study applied continuous sampling, descriptive methods, classifications, and quantitative calculations. The study identified quantitative (total number of programs in ethnic languages for the entire period, programs in ethnic languages) and qualitative characteristics (genres, topics). From 1993 to 2025, approximately 2,816 programs were broadcast, including in the Yukaghir language (~ 15%), the Evenki language (~ 40%), and the Even language (~35%,). All programs can be divided into genres such as essays, documentaries, reports, interviews, and television lessons in the languages of the indigenous peoples of the North. Key themes of the programs: 1) Reflection of the traditions and folklore of the indigenous peoples of the North; 2) Preservation of endangered languages and cultures; 3) Film archives as a mechanism for preserving historical memory; 4) Cinema as a method of cultural analysis. The television program Ghevan is a unique example of a media product aimed at preserving ethnocultural heritage. For its further development, a number of organizational and financial issues must be resolved, which will strengthen its role in preserving the languages and cultures of the indigenous peoples of the North.

This article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the volume-pragmatic division of Japanese creolized text – manga. The relevance of the study is determined by the increasing role of creolized texts in modern communication and the need to study text categories in relation to the relationship between verbal and non-verbal components. The goal of the study is to identify and conduct a multifaceted analysis of the specifics of volume-pragmatic division in manga. To achieve this goal, the following objectives were set: to identify the hierarchical structure and key segments of the manga volume; to analyze the functions of non-verbal components in the implementation of division; to determine the pragmatic motives that determine the division of the text into chapters. The material for the study was such popular manga series as “Amatsuki” by Shinobu Takayama, “Dr. Koto’s Clinic” by Takatoshi Yamada, “Magic Battle” by Gege Akutami, and “Black Clover” by Yuki Tabata. This study utilizes an integrative methodology, combining interpretive, semiotic, and structural analysis. The study revealed a stable hierarchical architecture for the manga volume, consisting of mandatory and optional structural segments: the author’s introduction, the preface (including a summary of preceding events and detailed character profiles), the main body of the chapters, the author’s remarks at the chapter junctions, and the final afterword. It is demonstrated that nonverbal components (such as frame composition, scaling, background color scheme, and graphic highlighting) perform a fundamental, constitutive function in the process of articulation rather than an illustrative one. They materialize the category of articulation, signaling shifts in narrative planes, guiding the rhythm and tempo of reader perception, and actualizing the author’s specific pragmatic intentions. A fundamental conclusion is reached regarding the hybrid nature of the category of articulation in creolized texts, where the traditional volume-pragmatic articulation characteristic of monomodal texts is radically reimagined and embodied through an inseparable synthesis of verbal and nonverbal components. This study makes a significant contribution to the development of text linguistics, the theory of creolized texts, and manga studies by offering a proven model for analyzing the structural organization of creolized texts.