The article is devoted to the study of language contacts between the Yakut language and Turkic languages, as well as the history of the Yakut language. The article analyzes the names of flora objects in the Yakut, Uyghur languages and the language of ancient Uyghur written monuments of the 11th century in a comparative historical aspect. The purpose of this article is to consider the features of phytonyms and their parts in the Turkic languages in comparison with their Proto-Turkic forms. The analysis is carried out on 29 bases recorded in the lexical fund of the Yakut, Uighur languages and in the language of written monuments of the 11th century, extracted by the continuous sampling method. The method of descriptive analysis, comparative-historical, component, structural methods were used in the analysis and processing of empirical research material. The focus of attention is on the word–formation structure and semantic features of the names of objects of the plant world in three related languages in comparison with the Proto-Turkic forms. As a result of the conducted research, the close relationship of the Yakut language with the Uighur language and the languages of the ancient Uighur written monuments of Mahmud Kashgari “Divan Lugat at-Turk” and “Kutadgu Bilig” is revealed. It is noted that the considered bases are semantically more stable in relation to their proto-Turkic forms than their phonostructural design. At the same time, the thematic group of words in the field of herbaceous plants demonstrates the close connection of the Yakut and Uighur languages with the Proto-Turkic language, and the language of written monuments is in the most distant position. This is determined by the stability of the phonostructural design and semantic meaning of lexical units. At the same time, the Yakut language occupies a special place in the system of the considered Turkic languages based on the materials of the names of objects of the plant world: there is the functioning of a diminutive affix with a lost meaning – -ah, the presence of anlaut and auslaut [x] instead of [k] in other Turkic languages, the omission of the inlaut [y] in the Yakut form, the correspondence [m] in Yakut with [b], [p] in other Turkic languages.

The vocabulary of cattle breeding has not been sufficiently studied in the Yakut language. The study of dialect names of dairy products (dishes) remains relevant. The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the lexical field of the name of dairy product үrүme ‘milk foam’ in the Yakut language in comparison with the Turkic and Mongolian languages. To achieve the goal, the following tasks were set: to identify and determine the structural and semantic features of the lexical field үrumе ʻmilk foamʼ; to conduct a comparative and comparative analysis of the names of milk foam in the Turkic and Mongolian languages. The work uses the methods of descriptive method, contextual analysis and interpretation of linguistic material. The material and sources are explanatory, dialectological dictionaries, and ethnographic materials. In the course of the study the structure of gastronomic terms, which denote different types of dishes made of milk foam, was determined. Word-forming affixes and components of compound terms were identified. The analysis showed that the Khakass, Tuvinian, Tofalar and Yakut languages contain the names of milk foam үrүme//өrөmө. This lexical series is of Mongolian origin. In other Turkic languages, the word kopuk//kүbek is used to denote milk foam. The basis of these names is the Turkic word kөp* with the meaning ʻgreat, large, lushʼ. The Turkic word kөp* is expressed by dialectal nominations of whipped cream in the Yakut language (kөbүkү, kөp, etc.). Yakut names of butter (kobүөr, kөbdө aryy, kobүөr aryy) are close to the Mongolian base kөn* with the meaning ʻlooseʼ. The Mongolian lexicon is close to the Yakut nominations of dried milk foam (chachyk, chachchaa, etc.). The lexical field of milk foam includes the names of earthenware utensils (baҕarakh, tүptekh) for preparing dishes from milk foam. The connotative semantics of the degree of milk fatness in the color- denoting component kyhyl үrүme was established.

The article considers the unusual names of the inhabitants of some settlements of the former Srednevilyuisky District of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) in their semantic aspects. Seeing anthroponyms, toponyms as a kind of markers of ethnic self-consciousness, an attention to archaic onomastics seems to be a topical issue in linguistic and cultural studies. Under the influence of Orthodox Christianity in the 17th century, the population of Yakutia, as a whole, adopted Russian names; however, folk traditions of naming were also preserved everywhere. In particular, children were called traditional Yakut names, primarily in order to perpetuate the memory of their ancestors and in honor of remarkable events. As it turned out, at the same time, parents often gave their babies names, the meanings of which they themselves could not really explain. It was necessary to find out how and when these words could get into the vocabulary of the Yakut language. The main aim of the research is to determine the etymology of archaic anthroponyms and toponyms which found in the Borogonsky nasleg of Vilyuisk District of Sakha Republic (Yakutia). Research objectives: to collect from different sources archaic anthroponyms and toponyms with lost semantics having parallels in other Turkic languages; to substantiate the expediency of the applied methodology of comparative study on this issue; to find out parallels from related languages, consider in the context of their functional and semantic conformities; to study perspective ways of the research. Using the methodology of comparative historical study of linguistic facts, we tried to clarify some points, referring to the vocabulary of those Altai peoples with whom the ancestors of the Yakuts, presumably, had areal contacts. With the accumulation of material, the archaic layer of anthroponyms was replenished with names that until recently were in use among the local population. As a result, an idea was formed about the possible movement to the north of some group of ancestors of the Yakuts, related to the Altai peoples, who preserved archaic names and titles for their descendants. Further research in this regard could lead to more definite conclusions about the nature of migration processes that took place centuries ago.

Now, on the 170th anniversary of the publication of Otto Böhtlingk’s unique work “On the Yakut language”, we turn our attention to a particular issue that Böhtlingk investigated: diphthongs and long vowels of the Yakut language. Before him, Turkology did not recognize the presence of long vowels in the Turkic and Mongolian languages. The fact that the Yakut language showed a developed system of long vowels led Böhtlingk to analyze the nature of this phenomenon in the Yakut language and a comparative study of it in related Turkic and Mongolian languages. Böhtlingk first compared the alternation of short and long vowels, as well as the alternation of diphthongs and long vowels in the Yakut language itself; established the correspondence of long vowels and diphthongs to the combination of intervocalic and guttural consonants in the corresponding syllables of words in the Yakut language itself and in Mongolian and related Turkic languages. Thus, he showed the difference of long vowels from short vowels and the fusion of two vowels from the loss of a consonant between them, as well as the transformation of a diphthong into a long one at the end of the verb base. The purpose of the article is to study and analyze Böhtlingk’s research on long vowels and diphthongs of the Yakut language. With the help of contextual analysis of Böhtlingk’s work, descriptive method and interpretation of linguistic material, the phonetic material used in the work “On the Yakut language” is analyzed. As a result of the analysis of Böhtlingk’s work “On the Yakut language”, the following reasons for the appearance of diphthongs and long vowels in the Yakut language and in other Turkic languages can be established: a variation of a monophthong and a long vowel appears in positional combinations of vowels and consonants; long vowels and diphthongs appear when adding words; long vowels and diphthongs appear in borrowings from other languages; in the Yakut language there are cases of semantic, grammatical, emotionally expressive manifestation of long and short vowels; the opposition of a long and short vowel and a diphthong can and to some extent contribute to the departure from the homonymy of words. At the same time, all these methods, forms and types of vowel phoneme lengthening taken together cannot ensure the formation of a universal system of paired vowel harmony in longitude and brevity.

Political linguistics, which studies the specifics of the political discourse speech, the use of speech and language tools in political processes, has an interdisciplinary direction, which is actively 

developing in Russia at the current stage. One of the important tasks at the present stage of the political linguistics functioning is to study the specifics and systematic functioning of the means of political speech that forms the speech portrait of a politician. The speech portrait of a politician is a certain system of content and communicative features that form public opinion about politics. One of which is phonetic features, including intonation-rhythmic and articulation. At present, the study of the role of speech phonetic characteristics in the compilation of a speech portrait of a politician is relevant. The purpose of the work is to study the phonetic characteristics of speaking of Mikhail Nikolaev, the first President of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). The research material was the speeches and addresses in the Yakut language by Nikolaev in the form of video materials extracted from the official YouTube channel of the first President of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). In order to achieve this purpose, descriptive, contextual, statistical methods are used, as well as a set of experimental linguistic methods: auditory analysis of experimental material, analysis of intonographic material with linguistic interpretation of research results. The scholarly novelty of the work lies in the fact that the experimental-linguistic method analyzes phonetic parameters of speech policy, such as pause, tone and intensity, which make up its communicative portrait.

The article examines the linguistic units that convey a high style in the modern Yakut language. In the Yakut language, the lexical, morphological, syntactic means of the high style have been 

studied by linguists E. I. Ubryatova, N. K. Antonov, P. S. Afanasyev, N. D. Dyachkovsky, P. A. Sleptsov, G. G. Filippov, N. E. Petrov, N. N. Efremov, T. I. Petrova, N. G. Filippov, N. N. Vasilyeva, G. G. Torotoev, L. E. Manchurina, as well as folklorists and literary critics G. U. Ergis, G. M. Vasiliev, P. N. Dmitriev and others. However, a special study of stylistically marked means of the Yakut language, including words and syntactic constructions of high style has not yet been conducted, which determines the relevance and novelty of this study. Thus, the work brings some clarity to the definition of the circle of high-style words in the Yakut language. The purpose of the study is to identify and classify the means of high style in the Yakut language. To achieve this goal, using continuous sampling methods, linguistic material was collected from various dictionaries of the Yakut language, linguistic material was selected from folklore, artistic, journalistic works; descriptive and structural methods were used in classifying and describing the results of the study. The study revealed that in the modern Yakut language, the resources of vocabulary, phraseology, word formation, morphology, syntax, and rhetorical units are used to create a high style of speech. At the level of semantics, a high style is created primarily by the corresponding groups of vocabulary. Solemn pathos can also be created by neutral lexical means, such as historicisms and archaisms, which, due to the loss of their semantics, can be perceived by modern native speakers as something unusual and colorful, characteristic only of a high syllable. The high style is also largely created by means of the Yakut folklore language, such as syntactic parallelism based on repetitions of words and consonances, multiple definitions, epithets, a system of comparisons, complex syntactic constructions: periods, sentences-addresses, formulaic words and tirades. In the future, a comparative study of the means of high style in the Turkic languages is planned.

Heroic epics, being developed over centuries in many different cultures, is a folklore trove that contains a culture’s views on its history and the world around. Every new generation draws upon its epic to conceptualize its historical trajectory. Thus, the preservation and research of such epics are and will always be relevant. Thanks to the well-conceived government program for the preservation and development of the heroic epic of olonkho, there is a renewed interest in the translation of epics. As such, olonkho is translated to other languages and the epics of other cultures – to the Yakut language. However, it is not enough to simply translate and publish epics. The process of translation and intercultural dialogue arising from the translation are all of great academic importance. The uniqueness of such a process lies in the fact that the translation objects are archaic texts of related linguocultures. Not only words and phrases are translated and a captivating plot is relayed but also the translators search for new idioms from the common Turkic culture that have been transformed or forgotten through the ages. In this respect, the translation of epics and comparative research of these texts uncovers new aspects not only for linguists but also for folklore specialists, anthropologists, and historians. This article analyzes the vocabulary and syntax of the Yakut translations of the Altai epic «Maadai-Kara» and the Bashkir epic «Ural-Batyr». The article also points out similarities with the Yakut folklore – aphorisms, oral-formulaic compositions, mythological and fairytale plots. The comparison of the original and translated texts suggests the use of the comparative method and – to a lesser extent – of the statistical method that is used only when analyzing the vocabulary of the translation. The defining feature of the comparative analysis of these epic texts is the extensive use of an intermediary text in Russian. Common Turkic and unique cultural features of the Altai and Bashkir epics are adequately presented in the Russian translation made for philological use. Such similarity to the Yakut mindset which is recognized by every Yakut reader is checked in this research by comparing with the original text in Altai and Bashkir languages. Based on the inspection of the translational decisions made in these translations, the article draws a conclusion on translational techniques suited for translating texts of related cultures. A technique for comparing rhythmic-syntactic parallelisms is presented. This technique reveals inconsistencies with the original structure of the original rhythmic-syntactic parallelisms, despite the contextual and semantic accuracy of their translation into the Yakut language. Thus, the article points out the most striking linguistic phenomena and their further study would be highly beneficial for science.