The article presents a collection of phraseological units that were not included in the dictionaries of phraseological units of the Yakut language by N.S. Grigoriev and A.G. Nelunov. Most phraseological units are used in colloquial speech of the older generation; some of them are commonly used, but are not recorded anywhere. In view of the complexity and significance of the study of phraseological units, due attention is paid to the interpretation of meanings and grammatical affiliation. 121 phraseological units were collected: 9 of them are close in meaning to a noun, 31 – to an adjective, 18 – to an adverb, 6 – to a participle, 48 – to a verb, and 9 are stable modal expressions. The informant was Matrena Nikitina (1920-2015), a native of Toibokhoi community, Suntarsky District, an expert in Yakut folklore and native speaker of Yakut. The collection of data began back in 2000 during a summer folklore expedition in one of the remote areas of the Vilyui basin. A descriptive method was used with the use of collection techniques, lexical and grammatical classification and translation into Russian. The source base of this study was the works of researchers P.A. Afanasiev, A.G. Nelunov, N.S. Grigoriev, L.M. Gotovtseva in the field of the Yakut lexicology. Scope ofthe results: a) can be used in the development and updating of a phraseological dictionary for schoolchildren, as well as an academic textbook on the Yakut lexicology; b) conclusions and materials can serve as the basis of higher education disciplines in the study of the native (Yakut) language. As a result of the study, we come to the conclusion that phraseological units of the Yakut language have a complex semantic-syntactic structure, as well as a wide range of stylistic functions.

The article analyzes the peculiarities of pharmacophytonyms’ naming in the Yakut language. The purpose of this study is to identify motivational features of medicinal phytonyms. During the study we examined names of Yakut medicinal plants, such as «erbehin», «n’eem», «bokhsurghan», «kulun kuturuga», extracted by the method of continuous sampling from various dictionaries and lexicographic sources. The analysis revealed the main motivational features of Yakut names of medicinal plants, such as «place of plant growth», «appearance of a plant», «anthroponyms in phytonyms», «metaphorical motivation», etc. The predominant motivational feature in the names of medicinal plants of the Yakut language is the «appearance of the plant», through which 21 pharmacophytonyms and six medicinal plant names with metaphorical motivation were formed. In addition, the analysis showed that in the Yakut language two-component and three-component phytonymic constructions prevail.

When revealing mechanisms that underline a phraseological worldview, we may penetrate the mysteries of human cognitive activity in creative world perception. Investigating specific patterns of thinking of a particular culture is a complex associative psychological process. Figurativeness of lexical phraseological systems of Yakut and German has not been studied adequately. The purpose of the paper is to investigate figurative meaning of phraseological units with the component «snow» in Yakut and German. Semasiological and onomasiological analysis of Yakut and German phraseological units with the component «snow» follows the anthropocentric approach. Semasiological and onomasiological approaches are addressed in representing the worldview through linguistic units of indirect nomination in modern Yakut and German. When analyzing the set of criteria to identify phraseological units (further, PU), the priority is given to the semantic criterion, i.e. a full or partial reinterpretation of components. The criteria for PU identification are: full or partial reinterpretation of components, separate structural formation, fixed lexical composition, reproducibility in fixed form. PU with the component «snow» were selected from Yakut and German lexicographic and phraseographic sources. We based our research on the following general research methods: induction, deduction, and comparative analysis. Componential analysis allows decomposing words and phraseological units into minimal meaningful parts. To identify the phraseological meaning in comparison with the original prototype, the method of phraseological identification is used. Semantic categories represented in the analyzed units are polysemy, homonymy, synonymy, and antonymy. A variety of usual phraseological variants of the analyzed phraseological units with component «snow» was revealed – substitution of noun, verb components, intrusion of a component, and phraseological convergence – which introduces additional connotation into perception of these figurative units of indirect nomination. Spatialtemporal relations are quite widely explicated in the compared figurative phraseological units. Despite being a universal linguistic phenomenon, phraseologization process has specific explicative features in the Yakut and German languages. The typological study of the figurative phraseological layer of unrelated languages can contribute to identification of man’s mental worldview.

In Turkic linguistics, the category of pretense and simulation is called the modality of the verb. It is formed by the periphrastic analytical form of the participle of the productive past tense in combination with the verb buol-. It was identified by researchers of analytical and periphrastic forms of the Turkic verb Kononov, Mikhailov, Kuznetsov, Ganiev, Tumasheva, Suleymanov, Mardieva, and others. It is characteristic in many Turkic languages, but not all researchers notice it in grammars; therefore they do not include it as a special category of the verb. In the Yakut language, this modality was noted by Ubryatova, Korkina and Petrov, but as a special modal form of the verb has not yet been described in the grammar of the Yakut language. This is probably due to the fact that: firstly, in Yakut linguistics, the analytical and periphrastic forms of the verb have not yet been monographically studied; secondly, the status of the category of pretense and simulation is not defined in the grammar of the Yakut verb. The author of this article agrees with the researchers of the Turkic verb that the category of pretense and simulation is an analytical form of the verb, but is mistaken in determining its status as a modal form of the verb. According to the method of formation, this form refers to participles and verb formation, i.e. periphrastic forms, and according to the content – a kind-time category (effective past tense), and in relation to real reality – a pretended-simulative action. Thus, the category of pretense and simulation in the grammar of the Yakut language should be described in the section of participial analytical verb forms under the status of view-time-modal categories.

The interest in comparing the translation and the original of works is gaining increasing relevance and significance for the study of literary translation. The article compared and compared the original of the dramatic work by William Shakespeare King Lear and the translations of the play by Boris Pasternak into Russian and Savva Tarasov into Yakut. The purpose of the article is to identify the discrepancies between the original and translated texts on the example of the Shakespeare’s play King Lear. The research methods were a comparative analysis of the original texts and translations, in particular, the analysis of the content of the translation texts in comparison with the content of the original. We also used a sampling method to select excerpts from the translations, a comparative method to compare fragments of the translations, and a descriptive method to describe the results of the study. As a result of a comparative analysis of the contents of the original texts and translations, it was demonstrated that many discrepancies are explained by the specific mutual influence of the ethnic mentality of the British, Russians and Yakuts, as well as the influence of time and working conditions. Fragments of the translations and the original were compared on the basis of the table.