This article raises questions related to ambiguities of complex predicates in the Sakha language. One of ambiguities is differentiation of the complex predicate from the compound one. The other is functional auxiliary verbs, which semantically supplement aspectual and modal meanings. For example, the verb бар-‘depart’ adds the meaning of inchoation of an action to a main verb in the converb {-An}: ааҕ-ан бар- ‘be going to read’. Functional auxiliary verbs are the result of grammaticalization in the Sakha language. But the process of grammaticalization has not been accomplished in the Sakha language. Thus, it is possible to make dual interpretations of a predicate аhа-ан бар- as ‘begin to eat’(complex) and ‘eat and go’(compound).

The article discusses the use of the chronotopic approach in Kazakh philology. This approach integrates scholarly knowledge and the works of researchers from the last century. The purpose of the publication is to show how linguistic judgments are cyclical and how they contribute to the multidimensional understanding of language. The article aims to transform the experiences of the humanities into linguistic synchronous-diachronic combinations. This involves predicting the mutual influence of individual scientific views and their categorical integrity. The works of Kazakh researchers from the first half of the twentieth century, who underwent general linguistic training, reveal judgments about the role of language in social, ethnic, and socio-cultural realities. These judgments define a progressive understanding of language as an element of literary-ethical, moral-axiological, and spiritual-cognitive interpretations. It is advisable to consider the formation of cognitive principles of linguistic analysis in the context of spatiotemporal categories. This emphasizes the importance of cyclicity as an element of ideological evolution and scientific attitudes. The connection between past and present, preserving the progression of origin and development, becomes a source of rethinking initial judgments. The cognitive paradigm in Kazakh linguistics is chronologically systematized and reasonably synchronized with modern trends in linguistics. The article characterizes chronotopic in Kazakh linguistics as a set of historical-philosophical, literarycultural, and psychological understandings of the nature of language. The starting point of this approach is the ontological, epistemological, and linguistic dichotomy of knowledge, which determines the mechanism for constructing periodicity and rhythm in the linguistic society. The article uses comparative and historical linguistics, narrative analysis, and chronotopic reading methods. It emphasizes the need to study the spiral characteristic of the linguistics categories by focusing on the dynamics of the development of anthropocentric language features. 

In modern times, the functioning of languages in public space requires state regulation, the main goal of which should be the preservation and development of multilingualism and support of minority languages. The national politics in the field of preservation and development of the languages of the peoples of the Russian Federation is based on the implementation of a number of measures at the legislative level. Russia adopted the Law “On the Languages of the Peoples of the Russian Federation”; its national republics have their own laws on languages regulating the functioning of languages on their territory. In Yakutia, on October 16, 1992, Law of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) No. 1170-XII “On languages in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)” was adopted, a study on the implementation of which became one of the projects of the state program of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) “Preservation and development of state and official languages in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) for 2023.” The project “Monitoring the implementation and compliance with the requirements of articles of the Law on Languages in Yakutsk of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)” was proposed by the Department of Stylistics of the Yakut Language and Russian-Yakut Translation of the Institute of Languages and Culture of the North-East of the Russian Federation of the M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University. In order to implement the project, the department’s team developed a questionnaire on the articles of the Law “On Languages in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)” for two target audiences: specialists from organizations to whose work the articles of the Law are directly related, and the population. The purpose of the proposed work is to analyze the results of a survey conducted on articles 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 33 among specialists of organizations and the population of the city of Yakutsk. The study used statistical and descriptive methods, as well as data processing and analysis methods. The results of the study are structured as follows: first, the full text of the considered article of the Law “On Languages in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)” is presented, then an analysis of a survey among employees of the institution and the results of a survey among the population are presented, followed by recommendations for the implementation of the article of the Law.

Having traveled the taiga length and breadth, taiga nomads Evenks had a perfect sense of direction and identified various geographical phenomena associated with the relief features, terrain conditions and the presence of animals, tree species, medicinal plants, reindeer moss, etc., water features flow and the presence of fish in reservoirs. They reflected all their knowledge, natural observation, their experience of communicating with the outside world in their language in full and in all its diversity. There are original ways of nominating geographical objects that distinguish Evenki toponyms from other languages. This article aims to analyze Evenki toponymic names derived from the names of trees and fish common in the North, Siberia and the Russian Far East.

The toponymic names were recorded from the 17th century and later by famous travelers Richard Maak, Innokenty Tolmachev, Alexander Chekanovsky and others in the places where various Evenki groups migrated; the names still appear on modern geographical maps. However, different transcriptions of the same name, recorded by the Russians from the Evenks speaking different dialects, the arrival of new ethnic groups in the territories inhabited by the Evenki and giving them a new meaning to an already known toponym today complicates the interpretation of the true origin and meaning of toponyms. Modern researchers of the Evenki language experience difficulties in etymologizing certain toponyms due to the difficulties of determining the topographic basis of a word, since there are no dialectological dictionaries for many dialects of the Evenki language, a difficult linguistic situation with proficiency in the native language, and the replacement of toponyms with names from other languages. 

This article discusses the problem of determining velarization from acoustic data and its relationship to articulation. The aim of the study is to identify the range of formants by which «velarization» can be determined, as well as to determine the location of the highest point of localization of the part of the back of the tongue of the relative palatine arch with this articulation, modeling the sound quality of a specific consonantal sound type. In the course of the study, the methods used at the V.M. Nadelyaev LFEI of the sector of languages of the peoples of Siberia of the IFL SB RAS (Novosibirsk), as well as in the LEFI of the Department of Foreign Languages of the AmSU (Blagoveshchensk). The object of the study is dynamic speech. The subject of the study is «velarization» in languages of different families. The material for the analysis was static and dynamic MRI scans and audio recordings recorded at different times by employees (including the author of this work) of the V.M. Nadelyaev LEFI, made on time and after tomography from the appropriate media. Scientific novelty and theoretical significance of the study: the correlation between F2 , articulation and auditory perception of amplifying articulation of hardness – “velarization” is presented for the first time. The materials and results of the research can be used to develop textbooks on general phonetics, at seminars on dynamic speech analysis, and when writing scientific articles on experimental phonetics. The main conclusions presented in this paper are: 1) the acoustic effect of “velarization” is achieved not only as a result of lifting the back of the tongue to the soft palate not in guttural consonants (velarization), but also between the last third of the second half of the hard palate (prevelarization); 2) correlation analysis of somatic and acoustic material revealed the dependence of format indicators on a certain articulation; 3) a possible range of “velarization” in consonants has been identified – F2 = 1500 Hz – 550 Hz; 4) in the range from 1500 Hz to 1301 Hz, velarization sounds slightly “softer” by ear – a prevelarized consonant than from 1300 Hz to 550 Hz – a velarized consonant. 

In this paper, the question of the linguistic features of the Altai heroic tales is considered, and a linguistic and stylistic analysis of their vocabulary is carried out. The author examines the artistic properties of synonyms, antonyms and such figurative means as epithets, comparisons, metaphors, hyperboles and litotes in the vocabulary of epic works by storytellers Alexei Kalkin and Nikolai Ulagashev.

In the article, the author comes to the conclusion that due to the skillful use of figurative means by the storytellers, artistic expressiveness and emotionally expressive coloring of the vocabulary of the considered heroic tales are achieved. The general fund of the language is determined by the conceptual structure of the epic text and testifies to the stability and continuity of the vocabulary of the Altai heroic tales. The specific features of the vocabulary of the tales can be qualified as regional features. It was these features that predetermined the specifics of the language of the epic of the Altai peoples as a unique speech education. 

The study of the symbolism of traditional culture categories, including the symbolism of colour in folklore studies and toponymic names becomes very relevant due to the revival of many aspects of spiritual culture. Nowadays the symbolism of colour becomes important in the life of a modern person. It accumulates deep meanings. The extent of research done on the topic: In the Altaian folkloristics colour epithets were studied in detail in the research of M. A. Demchinova, V. P. Oinoshev, S. P. Tyukhteneva and others. Up to the present time colour symbolism in the traditional culture of the Altaian people has not been the object of special research. The aim of the study is to highlight some aspects of colour symbolism in folklore art and toponymy of the Altai Mountains. Theoretical comprehension of colour symbolism as a special category in Altaian folklore studies is based on the functional method and has been applied in the researches by S.S. Surazakov, S.P. Tyukhteneva and M.A. Demchinova. The genre symbolism of Altaian folklore seemed to be considered in those researches. The present study includes the usage of a complex of comparative and historical research methods. Being a characteristic and actively used component for a number of ethnonyms, toponyms, hydronyms and to designate religious names colour has a great semantic load in the traditions of Altaians. For example, many Altaian clans (seoki) are divided into smaller units and colours such as white, black and yellow are actively used to name them: ak (white) kobok [kœbœk], karа (black) kobok [kœbœk], kara todosh (black todosh), sary todosh (yellow todosh). There is also a large number of hydronyms and toponyms associated with black, white, yellow, blue and other colours: KaraArka, Sary-Chet, Karakol, Akkem, Karasuu etc. O.P. Molchanova, a researcher of the toponymy of the Altai Mountains, writes about the great importance of some adjectives that indicate colour in the construction of geographical names. The use of colour epithets in folklore works creates a colorful image. The sharply contrasting colours show the opposition of good and evil. There is a hierarchy of colours in traditional culture. Red colour shows the colorfulness of the object being described, also symbolizes health, wealth, a world of prosperity. Grey is typical for poor people, and it has semantics of unhealthiness. There are names with the formant “kan” in the toponymy of Altai. It turns out that the formant “kan” is added to the names of especially revered natural objects. The author of the article suggests that the word “kan” (in the meaning of “blood”) is present in the names of especially revered objects. Research perspectives: The results of the research of colour symbolism in folklore and toponymy of the Altai Mountains can be applied for further study of the characterization of artistic images in literature, folklore and ethnography. The topic requires further research. 

The purpose of this article is to identify the basic linguistic markers of text authenticity, which is important when studying dialects and literary language. The content and form of the authentic text is determined by the narrator’s dialect transmission and the collector’s recording process. When a text is realized through language, differences appear in the lexical composition of the version of the source epic and the literary form of the language of the person recording it. As part of the observation, it was established that there is a connection between the authenticity of the text and the choice of lexical means, language norms, meaning, and function of the original source. Lexical units show differences in semantics and material sound shell.