The Yakut and Kyrgyz eposes contain a variety of material for studying history, language, tradition, religious beliefs, ethnogenesis, material and spiritual culture. Currently, the translation of eposes of the Turkic-Mongolian peoples into the Yakut language continues, the Yakut epos Olonkho is published in these languages. The Kyrgyz epic “Manas” was translated into the Yakut language, and the olonkho “Nurgun Bootur the Swift” was translated into the Kyrgyz language. In this regard, comparative and contrastive study of the epic traditions of peoples, various layers of culture and language presented in these epics is particularly relevant. The language material allows for research in all areas of linguistics, including onomastics. The proper names of Olonkho have been the objects of many studies in the field of Yakut folklore, the typological structure, models and semantics of the anthroponymy of Olonkho have been studied most fully and comprehensively by N.I. Filippova. The personal names of the heroes of the Kyrgyz epic “Manas” are reflected in the works of Abramson S., Bernstam A., Zhirmunsky V., Sheriev A. The purpose of this article is to identify and describe universal and unique phenomena in the structure and semantics of personal names in the Yakut and Kyrgyz eposes. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved: a brief overview of the history and main results of the study of personal names of epic heroes, systematization of the features of naming and the structure of name formulas (epithet, indicator, title, nicknames of war horses, etc.), determination of features in each of the traditions by comparing them, analysis of historical and linguistic conditions that determined the identified phenomena. The study revealed differences in the quantity and quality of elements of the name formula, the presence of names of real historical figures in the Manas and their absence in the Olonkho, and identified donor languages when determining the semantics of borrowed names. Inaccuracies in translating personal names of epic heroes, caused by the intermediary role of the third language, were identified.

Currently, one of the urgent tasks of the modern policy of the Russian Federation is the preservation and development of the native languages of the peoples of the country. Taboo dialect vocabulary, euphemisms are one of the interesting and widely unexplored areas of the Yakut and Altai languages, and therefore relevant for research. Also, the study of euphemisms based on the material of the Yakut and Altai languages is one of the ways to identify their similarities and differences in the field of culture and linguistics. The purpose of this study is to study the lexical features of euphemisms denoting the names of animals in the Yakut and Altai languages. To achieve this goal, the following tasks are solved: to investigate the history of the study of euphemisms in the Yakut and Altai languages; to collect euphemisms of the Yakut and Altai languages from lexicographic sources; to classify the collected euphemisms by semantic fields; to consider the lexical features of euphemisms. The following lexical and semantic groups of euphemistic names of animals in the Yakut and Altai languages are distinguished: by habitat and lifestyle of animals; by appearance, color and distinctive feature of the beast; substitution of the name of animals with the term of kinship; names characterizing the animal on the basis of strength, power; respectful treatment; borrowed words; the lexeme “beast”; pronominal names; names based on a characteristic functional feature; onomatopoeic words; names based on age and gender properties. This study uses a set of methods: comparative, descriptive, structural and quantitative methods. The scientific novelty of the work consists in the fact that the issues of comparative analysis of euphemisms denoting the names of animals in the Yakut and Altai languages were not the subject of special study. Theoretical and practical significance of the research: the results of the work can be used for comparative studies of euphemisms in Turkic linguistics, and can also be applied in teaching vocabulary in educational institutions.

The article analyzes works on the study of the analytical predicate (AK) in the Turkic languages of Siberia. It is noted that the beginning of the active study of analytical constructions on the material of Siberian Turkic languages was laid by M.I. Cheremisina. In his works M.I. Cheremisina (mainly on the material of the Altai language) formulated and substantiated the classification of AK predicates in the Turkic languages of Southern Siberia. She identified three classes of AKs, and within each class she examined the types and subtypes of forms. She established that the primary function of AK is the function of a finite multicomponent predicate. Based on the results of the analysis of the AK of the predicate in the Turkic languages of Southern Siberia, presented in the works of M. I. Cheremisina and Siberian Turkologists, one can see that the studied AK are polysemantic and have a complex syntactic structure. The structural forms of predicates, and the specific grammatical meanings that are expressed using these forms, are extremely diverse. In subsequent works by Siberian scholars, the structural-semantic strategy of describing the AC of the predicate made it possible to obtain answers to questions about the structure of aspectual-temporal, modal and infinitive ACs. In the studies of Turkologists and Siberian scholars, it is noted that aspectual semantic features are associated with temporal and modal ones as part of aspectual-temporal-modal semantic analytical complexes. The class of analytical multicomponent predicates combines several functional-semantic types of predicates, each of which is represented by a certain set of structural forms. It is also noted that the analytical constructions of the predicate of modal-comparative semantics have not yet been sufficiently studied. In studies on the Tuvan, Altai, and Yakut languages, structural complexes with the form of the verb bol= are considered. The forms of the verb bol in the Tuvan language identify the subject of comparison with the standard and express an apparent feigned-simulative action. In addition, the texts use syntactic constructions of the predicate, expressing the relationship of the message being communicated or the message itself to reality with the postpositions deg, ishkash. The morphological (synthetic means) level is represented by the use of the affix -syg. The degree of productivity of using certain means of expressing the meaning of comparison is different.

Olonkho is the largest genre of Yakut folklore, which has developed the people’s ideas about the universe, a system of moral values, traditional beliefs and customs, the richness of language and culture. In the history of the study of the analysis of olonkho translations, realities, epic formulas of the universe, lexical figurative means, kinesics in olonkho and their translations into Russian were investigated, but work has not yet been carried out on the analysis of cultural information, which determines the relevance of the selected study. The purpose of the study is to analyze the transfer of cultural information of the epic in question into Russian and English. The objectives of the work include: studying theoretical literature on cultural information; collecting, analyzing and classifying factual material reflecting cultural information in the olonkho «Nurgun Bootur the Swift» by P.A. Oyunsky; generalization of the results of the work. In developing the proposed study, the method of continuous sampling, descriptive and comparative methods were used. Based on the analysis of the transfer of cultural information of olonkho into Russian and English, we came to the conclusion that lexical and grammatical transformations are used most often. Both Russian and English translations feature substitutions, rearrangements, additions, compensations and adaptations. This can be explained by the structural difference in sentences in the Yakut, Russian and English languages, the absence of equivalents in the translation language and the observance of the special rhythm of the olonkho text. In the Russian translation, omissions are not uncommon, but they do not affect the overall presentation; in the English translation, omissions of lines and stanzas are observed. Olonkho by P.A. Oyunsky «Nurgun Bootur the Swift» is rightfully considered one of the outstanding works of the Sakha people, in which the incredibly beautiful rich Yakut language appears to us in all its glory. It is not for nothing that folklore, and in particular olonkho, is called a treasure trove of the Yakut language, the culture of the people, where the rituals, traditions and customs of our ancestors, their life and occupation are described in detail. This gives us rich material for study not only through the prism of philological sciences, but also all others.

In modern mass media, including television, terms of all branches of the economy, science, technology, and culture are actively used. The problem of their translation into the Yakut language in republican television programs is the relevance of this work. In the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), television is an important sphere of language functioning, which has a significant impact on the features of the speech activity of the audience and contributes to the spread of normative attitudes of speech in the conditions of Russian-Yakut bilingualism. The purpose of the article is to analyze the methods of translation into the Yakut language of terminological vocabulary, clichés and clichés used in the news media text of the information program “Vesti-Sakha” of the state television and radio broadcasting company “Sakha” (GTRK “Sakha”). The material of the research is the media texts of the information program “Vesti-Sakha” and their translations into the Yakut language. The study uses the method of continuous sampling, the descriptive method, and contextual analysis. Based on the analysis, a conclusion is made about translation transformations: transformational translation, tracing, and descriptive translation are mainly used. The analysis of the materials of the information program “Vesti-Sakha” contributes to the study of the RussianYakut translation of news media texts.

The article analyzes the concept of «wine» in the aspect of Yakut-Russian translation and Russian-Yakut translation of poems by modern authors Olga Koryakina –Umsuura «Aldiarkhai» and Igor Kobzev «A sore point» (translated by the author of the article Valentina Komissarova – Kulumure). The relevance of the research is due to the increasing role of the conceptual approach to translations and the fact that the aestheticization of alcoholic beverages in works of art is a powerful means of forming this concept in every nation. The purpose of the study is to identify the features, similarities and differences of the artistic concept of «wine» (alcohol, vodka) in these works and in their translations. To do this, the lexical units that verbalize the linguistic and cultural concept of «wine» are compared; the translation techniques used to convey the content of the concept are analyzed; the structures of the concept in the source and translated texts are compared; the value component of the concept of «wine» in these verses is determined. The methods of comparative analysis, interpretation and systematization of factual material were used. It is revealed that despite all the differences in style and content, the poems are united by the anti-alcohol intention of their authors and a common communicative goal – the desire to generate a protest against mass alcoholization in the soul of readers. The conceptual equivalence of the translations to the source texts was achieved by the translator reproducing the layered structure of the concept with an almost complete transfer of the invariant of the poems and the intention of their authors.

Based on the semiotic models of Juri Lotman, this article regards a literary text as an interaction of semiospheres and its translation as a conversion from one cultural code to another. The article gives key takeaways from the conducted analysis of the three texts of Chinghiz Aitmatov’s novel “The First Teacher” – the original in the Kyrgyz language, the author’s translation into the Russian language, and the translation into Yakut language. Several semiospheres are unraveled in the two author’s texts which both are the originals for the Yakut translation – the Kyrgyz semiosphere K, the Muslim semiosphere M, the Soviet semiosphere S (with three periods – S60, S20, and S50), the universal (common to all mankind) semiosphere Cho, and the Russian semiosphere RO. For the Yakut translator Nikolai Kondakov, the original text is the author’s translation into the Russian language, which, compared to the Kyrgyz text, contains more of the Soviet semiosphere S and has the Russian semiosphere RO familiar to all linguocultures of the people of the USSR. The article provides examples of translation into the Yakut language contextual culturespecific elements and linguoculturemes of the Kyrgyz semiosphere K, as well as idioms of the Russian semiosphere RO. The analysis concludes that the Yakut translation didn’t relay the author’s and the Kyrgyz linguoculture’s specific meaning to the full extent. Instead, the translation is transformed into a text of the Yakut semiosphere. Several reasons for this transformation are denoted – subtle differences in the expression of common Turkic concepts in related linguocultures and the personal skill of the Soviet journalist-turnedtranslator who tries to loan translate not only Russian idioms but also the syntax of many sentences. It is concluded that it is important to conduct a pre-translation analysis of the original with a careful review of all implicit and explicit linguocultural aspects of the text. This allows the correct translation strategy of a literary text from a related culture.