The article discusses the basic principles of teaching the morphology of the Yakut language through the study of syntax. The purpose of this study is to trace the features of studying the morphology of the Yakut language syntactic context, to determine the advantages of this method of study, to show its practical application. To achieve this goal, textbooks on the Yakut language, as well as methodological manuals, were analyzed. The results of the study will contribute to solving the problem of creating a methodological system for the formation of linguistic competence in the process of teaching the Yakut language syntactic context; they will integrate the process of acquiring knowledge and forming competence skills based on them, expressed in the use of acquired knowledge to enrich vocabulary and the correct expression of one’s thoughts. The author comes to the conclusion that the expansion of the lexical minimum, the assimilation of morphological norms occurs in parallel with the expansion and complication of elementary sentences, through practice in speech. Syntax is one of the communicative language tiers; in this regard, mastering the unit of communication, the sentence, contributes to the harmonious combination of language teaching with communication training. Thus, students master the morphological categories of the Yakut language and memorize new words not in isolation, but in the sentence structure, i.e. in syntactic context.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the historical experience of teaching the Yakut language to Russian-speaking and foreign audiences in Yakutia. An analysis of academic and methodological literature and the practice of implementing a methodological system on this problem in educational institutions of the republic shows that language education is constantly in search of innovative educational technologies and strives to solve interlingual and intercultural communication in a multicultural society. One of the leading Yakut scholars and methodologists who have developed an effective methodology for teaching the Yakut language as the state language was Professor Stepan Kolodeznikov, Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, full member of the Academy of Pedagogical and Social Sciences. Thanks to Professor Kolodeznikov, since the beginning of the 21st century, the prestige of the Yakut language has noticeably increased and the interest of foreign linguistic researchers in the Yakut language has increased sharply (4). The purpose of this study is to analyze the academic and methodological thought on teaching the Yakut language as a non-native language in schools of the republic. To achieve this goal, we put forward the following tasks: an analysis of academic and methodological literature on the theory and didactics of interlingual and intercultural communication; coverage of the research activities of Professor Kolodeznikov, the founder of a unique academic school for teaching the Yakut language to Russian-speaking students, foreign students and foreign interns; generalization of the results of the work. A lot of work has been done to develop and systematize methods for teaching the Yakut language as a non-native language for Russian-speaking and foreign citizens. Thanks to our scholars and teachers, innovative educational technologies in language education have been developed, which contribute not only to mastering a non-native language, but also become a positive environment in solving interethnic relations in a multicultural society.

The article analyzes the functionality of 8 translated terms in the Yakut language submitted for approval to the terminological commission of the Sakha language under the Government of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) in the period from 2023 to 2024. The relevance of the research is determined by the increasing need to develop terms in the Yakut language in connection with the expansion of the sphere of functioning of the Yakut language, as one of the official languages of the republic, in all spheres of public life. The purpose of the article is to unify the Russian-Yakut translation of industry terms by analyzing the functionality of translated terms in the Yakut language. In the development of the analysis methodology, they were based on the analysis schemes of translated terms proposed by L.A. Afanasyev-Teris and G.G. Torotoev, and also relied on the generally accepted requirements for terms in Russian terminology. As a result of the study, a scheme for analyzing the functionality of a translated term was approved: 1) definition of the scope of the term; 2) study of the history of the origin of the term; 3) morphological analysis of the new term by composition; 4) study of the lexical and semantic meaning of the root of the new term using existing sources; 5) experimental analysis of the new term as part of phrases. Of the proposed terminological neologisms, the functional terms are dahabyl ‘administrative’, sangany killarii ‘innovation’, uramny ‘art’, tuheen ‘tax’, barillaan kuolastaahyn ’primaries’, terminological neologisms nyurgun meaning ‘hero’, kyhalgha meaning ‘problem’ and doydumsakh meaning ‘patriot’ need to find other translation options into the Yakut language. The Yakut version doyduha kihi of the term “patriot” can, under certain conditions, enter the lexical and semantic system of the Yakut language.

At the present stage of the functioning of the Yakut language, one of the most important tasks is to study the language of fiction. Addresses in works of art play an important role, because with their help you can express an attitude, a feeling for the hero, display his status, establish contact with the interlocutor, show the relationship between the characters. That is why the study of the peculiarities of the functioning of addresses in comedy is relevant. The purpose of the study is to study the peculiarities of using addresses in the comedies by Nikolai Neustroev. To achieve this goal, the following tasks are solved: to describe the history of the study of addresses in the Yakut language; to consider the meaning and types of addresses; to classify the addresses used in comedies by lexical and semantic groups; to reveal the features of using addresses in a sentence. The following research methods were used in the course of the work: descriptive, structural and statistical. The material of the study was the comedies “Kukaaki Kuluba” (1920), “Tar” (1921), “Kuhahan tyyn” (1925) and “Tieteybit” (1920-1925) by Neustroev. The following types of addresses s are highlighted: lexical means of attracting attention (secondary nominations of kinship regulatives, addresses in relation to multiple addressees, special words, a universal model of address доҕор ‘friend’); kinship terms; addresses of social inequality; addresses related to changes in the social system; proper names; emotional and figurative addresses; and abusive addresses. The scholarly novelty of the work consists in the fact that the study of the peculiarities of using addresses in the Neustroev’s comedies had not previously been the subject of special study and was analyzed for the first time in the lexical, semantic and syntactic aspect. The theoretical and practical significance of the work lies in the fact that its results can be used in the study of the functioning of addresses in the works by other Yakut writers, comparative study of addresses in Turkic languages, as well as in teaching the syntax of the Yakut language, in classes on a philological analysis of a literary text.

This article attempts to identify ways of translating proper names from Yakut into Russian, in particular anthroponyms, toponyms, based on the translation of the novel by Nikolai Mordinov – Amma Achchygyya “Saski kem” (“Springtime”). The relevance of the research lies in studying the issue of the functioning of a proper name in fiction and the problem of transferring Yakut proper names into Russian. The problem of translating anthroponyms and toponyms with ethnic and cultural specifics is one of the controversial issues in translation studies. The translator faces a difficult task: the translation of a specific word that has no analogue in the target language, taking into account the phonetic, lexical and grammatical features in the literary text. The purpose of the work is to conduct a comparative analysis of real and fictional proper names in the original language and in the target language (Russian) in fiction. Descriptive, comparative, contextual methods of analysis were used during the work. As a result of the study, we propose a classification of the main methods of translating anthroponyms, such as transliteration, transcription, creation of a new word, descriptive and literal translations; dividing toponyms into real and fictional proper names. Having analyzed the translation of the proper names in the Mordinov’s novel “Springtime,” we came to the conclusion that the most common was the translation of the anthroponym using transcription, this method translated 43 of the proper names out of 72. Of the 27 toponyms, 6 are real geographic names. The author uses toponyms in the work to give specificity to the actions of characters in a real geographical location to show the scale of the civil war for the establishment of Soviet power in the central and northern regions of Yakutia.

In the following article, we demonstrate usage and formation of contronyms using verb semantics as examples. Our purpose is to determine the main patterns of semantic development of polysemic verbs in Khakas on the basis of formation of opposite meanings in verb structures. We use a system of methods including description, interpretation, and classification of materials, as well as lexicographic methods, analysis of components and ф contextual analysis. Contronymic verbs are taken from dictionaries, literary fiction, mass media, folklore texts, as well as oral Khakas speech. We analyze around 100 polysemic verbs with contronymic meanings. The relevance of our study stems from the fact that Khakas enantiosemy has not yet been thoroughly researched; in particular, verb enantiosemy in Khakas (as well as Siberian Turkic languages in general) is described for the first time, ensuring the novelty of our project. We describe contronymic verbs, ways of formation of contronymy in polysemic verbs, semantic types of contronymic meanings, namely genus enantiosemy, contextual enantiosemy, enantiosemy of compatibility, and conversion enantiosemy. Our materials and research results may be used in textbooks on Khakas lexicology, in further studies of semantics, word structures, and theoretical issues of asymmetry of signs. We demonstrate that in Khakas, enantiosemy emerges as a result of various processes resulting in contronymic meanings within words.

The relevance of the research lies in the object of research: the toponymy of the Arctic. The Arctic is an important part of a unique space, the interest in which is included in scientific interests of the whole planet. The priority task of the Government of the Russian Federation is sustainable development of the Arctic. This zone in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) is rich in cultural heritage, which is reflected in folded ethnocultural texts: toponyms. They contain unique information about the history of the region, cultural traditions, lifestyle of the indigenous peoples of the North, whose language, culture and way of life are inextricably linked with the territory where they live. Cognitive research makes it possible to understand the interaction of genetically different languages. The purpose of the work is to identify the lexical representation of the concept “River”, reconstructed on the basis of the hydronyms of Olenyoksky District of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). This goal involves solving the following tasks: to analyze toponyms of Evenk and Yakut origin, which reflect the way of life and beliefs of the northern peoples; to identify the motivational meanings of toponyms in the linguistic consciousness of informants. Research methods such as a sociological survey (working with informants), areal, descriptive and statistical methods (further analysis of toponyms) were used in the work. The conducted analysis revealed 228 names reflecting the components of the field structure of the concept “River”. As a result, the semantic classification of hydronyms was presented and the main lexical representations of the concept were identified.

Based on the analysis of a large volume of translations of texts of different styles and genres, this article formulates the principles and guidelines for establishing rules for transcription and transliteration in Russian of specific sounds and letters of the Yakut language. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the current rules for the transcription of geographic names were approved half a century ago in the “Instructions for the Russian translation of geographical names of the Yakut ASSR”. With the exception of cartography and reference books of the administrative and territorial structure of the republic, they are not observed anywhere. In this regard, there is a need to revise these rules, taking into account the vast translation experience and achievements of Yakut linguistics, to approve new rules, and to develop mechanisms for state and public control over their observance. The article defines the difference between transcription and transliteration in the case of common alphabets of the contacting languages; formulates the principles of transmitting specific sounds of the Yakut language via transcription and transliteration by means of the Russian language; and develops guidelines in accordance with the formulated principles. In the first part, the article provides a brief overview of the current legal acts governing the spelling of Yakut geographical and personal names. It also briefly analyses the linguistic foundations of the current rules set out in the Instructions. In addition, the article describes the results of the analysis on transcribing Yakut non-equivalent vocabulary in different years by different teams of translators. These are the translations of 12 olonkho, the historical novel “Remote Vilyui” by Vasily Dalan, as well as the material collected in the reference books of borrowed words by Professor Nikolay Samsonov. While writing this article, the author relied on the provisions of the general theory of translation developed by professor Dmitry Ermolovich and set out in his monograph, and also refers to the results of research by Yakut phoneticians Dyachkovsky and Alekseev, methodologists Samsonova and Dmitrieva. The principles established in this article and the recommendations developed on their basis for the translation of specific sounds of the Yakut language into Russian, in the author’s opinion, will contribute to the preservation of the historical memory of the Sakha people because they translate with the most care the graphic appearance of the original word in the context of the common alphabets of the contacting languages.

This article is devoted to the assessment of the implementation of Article 35 of the Law “On Languages in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia)” on the signs of institutions of the Megino-Kangalassky District. The linguistic situation in the Russian northeast is currently the subject of many studies, which requires special attention from the state. Legal protection of the language plays an important role in preserving the cultural heritage and identity of the Sakha people. It should be noted that the Law “On Languages in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia)”, adopted on October 16, 1992, legislatively regulates the use of the Sakha language, but its implementation has not yet been completed. This study will reveal the level of implementation of the regional law in Megino-Kangalassky District. To identify the level of implementation of the regional law, let us start with the functioning of article 35 of Chapter IV. Names of administrative-territorial units, personal names, signs and information of the Law “On Languages in the SR(Y)”. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that errors are still observed in the texts of bilingual signage when translating from Russian into Yakut. Therefore, the identification of translation errors in the signage of organizations in Megino- Kangalassky District can later be used in the development of the correct design of the text of signage in the Yakut language. The main purpose of the work is to identify translation errors on bilingual signs in Megino- Kangalassky District. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were performed: the collection of material was carried out, namely, photographing signage; the analysis of the collected data was carried out to identify translation errors; the classification of translation errors into five groups of normative language errors was carried out. At the end of the work, an adjusted Russian-Yakut translation of signage was proposed, which allows not only to identify problems in the design of bilingual signage, but also to suggest ways to solve them to improve the linguistic situation in the area. The results of the study may be useful for further development of a unified signage design structure.

This work aims to consider the linguacultural characteristics of translating Japanese anime titles into English. The translation of foreign filmonyms requires the consideration of extralinguistic factors, which underlines the importance of this research. It is essential to analyse not only the language itself, but also the cultural nuances of the countries in which the animated and feature films are being distributed. The theoretical section of the study covers the conceptual framework, the definition of the term “title”, the functions of filmonyms, translation strategies and types, historical facts related to the development of the anime genre in Japan and around the world, with a further focus on the various types of animated films. The practical part of the study analyses 150 filmonyms from a list of the most highly-rated anime films and series, as identified by the MyAnimeList search portal. Linguistic and cultural analysis of the translation of Japanese anime titles into English was conducted, revealing specific features of translation adaptation and proposing alternative translation options for anime titles. The analysis revealed that a significant proportion of the titles were translated from Japanese into English using techniques such as calquing and transliteration. Nevertheless, it has been demonstrated that the most effective method for adapting Japanese anime titles into English is through the use of translation techniques that incorporate extralinguistic factors, such as the cultural aspects of the target language. This is due to the fact that titles adapted in this manner are more closely integrated with the receiving culture, are more easily understood by viewers, and are therefore more appealing. Furthermore, such titles are more effective in reflecting the plot of the anime.